Moral relativism and stem cell research

Moral relativism and stem cell research

The currency environment is influenced by the occurrence of different factors that help build an improved focus on better elements that define an enhanced level of development. This research attempts to understand religious, cultural, and ethical issues that involve stem cell research.  Therefore the question that is assessed in this case focuses on building an understanding of whether from a religious, cultural, and ethical point of view on whether stem cell research should be encouraged. The focus on different perspectives helps understand the sentiments that are defined in helping shape the level of individual development. The ethical approach presents a highly essential in establishing individual conduct and development. Maintaining a more solid platform that helps improve the level of performance. Therefore the focus on cultural, religious, and ethical perspectives provides different approaches that define an individual level of change.

The focus on these concepts is mainly defined based on unique consideration on the structure, which improves the level of individual development. Human development involves different stages that must be adequately considered to help promote the level of change and focus on the level of change. Some of these changes within the society ae defined based on shaping the level of development. It is crucial to help in creating a more specific approach that improves the level of focus based on different criteria which manage the needs across different context [1]. Science brings a different perspective in understanding the level of societal development, which maintains a proper consideration of improved elements that help in shaping the level of commitment to significant innovation. Therefore this research will provide necessary information, metaethical theory, and application, which are essential elements that will help understand the issue that is being defined.

Science has focused on the integration of different factors that help in building a more reliable approach to individual development. Individual development presents a highly structured system which offers better strategies in understanding the decisions that are undertaken by individuals [2]. Genetic intervention should focus on solving the existing medical challenges and not to create a situation where individuals use it for non-medical reasons. Every individual is created in an image of God; hence genetic intervention should only be utilized in controlling severe genetic deformity.

Controlling genetic deformity involves a severe medical condition that can be prevented is there is an intervention. Therefore genetic screening presents a different approach to the current treatment interventions, although it should be adopted in helping control negative traits. The ethical issues involved in this case revolve around religious principles, which emphasize the fact that the reproductive process should not be changed using scientific methods even if the procedure undertaken is likely to improve on an individual life [3].

Moral relativism

Metaethics provide a focus on different factors that help in building a reliable development platform which helps maintain a highly outlined system for change. Building more durable systems that can be reliable enough to help create a better system within society. Moral relativism provides a comparative understanding of significant issues which can help in making a more forceful approach in improving change based on cultural values that define overall commitment of the matters that need to be assessed in promoting efficiency and promoting better ideologies. Morality, as explained in this case, focuses on culture. Social and traditional concepts which define stronger concertation of different measures that protect the needs of an individual.

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that form the basis of human tissue development. Stem cells, therefore, are capable of developing into different cells that are capable of several social functionalities.  All individual parts begin as one large cell which differentiates, leading to the formation of different tissues that shape human development. The development of these cells is mainly concerning the parent cells from which they derive copies based on the parental genes. When the paternal genes have certain underlying diseases, these diseases are transmitted to the offspring based on replication [4]. Stem cell research has focused on integrating scientific development in developing artificial stem cells to help in transformation where a healthcare condition or deformity in parent cell cannot be replicated in their children. How these human embryonic cells are obtained has been a significant controversy raising both ethical and cultural issues that have not been adequately addressed.

Therefore in assessing the morality of stem cell research, it is essential to build more significant measures that help in improving individual management. Morality concepts present a highly integrated system that helps understand the right to life. The major ethical issues that are addressed in this case revolve around where the stem cell is extracted. For stem cells to be obtained, an embryo must be destroyed to obtain embryonic stem cells, which are essential in controlling underlying defective genetic conditions that are inherited. However, the whole procedure remains a controversial topic.  Different laws pertain to the issue. The right to life is a fundamental right that is enjoyed by all individuals across the world [5]. No individual has a right to cut short the power of another individual regardless of the current issue. The law is apparent on the right to life, which has created a heavy focus on embracing embryonic stem cell research. The fact that an embryo is destroyed to obtain embryonic cells means that there is a violation of the individual right to life.

A significant challenge when assessing the right to life by both opponents and proponents of stem cell research has been a determination at what time does life begin. It is generally known that life begins after conception, and thus any form of termination results in preventing the life of an individual which stem cell research proposes to consider with an allure of controlling genetic defects. The embryo is destroyed because it has no voice to make a decision, which highlights the inhumane development and inability to maintain a strong emphasis on better principals that guide human development.  Thus, this legal consideration has played a significant role in slowing down embryonic stem cell research because the process is considered illegal and unable to focus on scientific, ethical research guidelines that protect human beings [6].

The medical community operates under fundamental ethical guidelines, which are beneficence, maleficence, and autonomy. The conduct of healthcare service providers is restricted with a significant focus on improving the wellbeing of patients rather than being part to destroy life. Autonomy and beneficence are critical ethical issues in nursing practice, which guide the nursing practice [7]. Nonmaleficence means not to harm. The quality of care and decisions that are made within the healthcare environment are aimed at providing a strong commitment to the needs of the patient in ensuring that there is a smooth delivery of care. Harm is defined as an activity that prevents good. The inability to achieve the intended outcome is hampered by particular prejudice that must be controlled and ensure a strong commitment to critical processes that help maintain a greater focus on the underlying issues.

Emotional groups that build a more robust platform for change maintain a more reliable system that defines change, which presents a well-defined system that helps in creating a highly structured system that helps improve the level of management. Culture provides a key emphasis on the underlying norms, beliefs, and practices that define individual behavior and level of development. Different communities have different cultural values and principles that determine how they approach different situations.

Maintaining a crucial focus on the underlying cultural concepts defines a more significant commitment, especially concerning the challenges that exist in the society regarding stem cell research. Respect and kindness are important cultural values that influence stem cell research [8].  Destruction of the embryo to extract stem cells is disrespectful and unkind action, especially considering that life is destroyed in the process. Life is meaningful on a cultural basis, which provides the need to ensure that it is adequately protected. Spiritual understanding of these processes creates an agreement of an immoral process where the life of an individual is compromised to achieve a scientific success [9].

Different cultural settings have different considerations regarding how they are expected to handle stem cell research. However, despite the diverse cultural values that are involved, there is a clear emphasis on specific processes that help in creating a unified decision on an immoral and poor decision in adopting embryonic stem cell development [10]. Even though the procedure is aimed at creating improved genetic characteristics, how they are executed violates many cultural values across different communities. Life is sacred across many cultures and thus do to advocate for ending the life of an embryo for the sake of pursuing a scientific process.

From a religious perspective, it is essential to understand individual beliefs and the underlying guidelines which present a well-defined system that offer a better structure that promote better outcomes. Religious societies have been the most affected by stem cell research, and as a result, they have maintained persistent opposition to any of the developments that are being undertaken. There is a realization that life is sacred, and human beings do not have control over the development of life; hence, they should not participate in destroying it. Religious societies do not recognize the benefits of stem cell research mainly as a result of a flawed process [11].

Many of the religious denominations, especially Christianity, believe that using stem cell transplant in treating genetic disorders is a violation of Christian doctrines. The guidelines are highlighted in the bible as it would be trying to use scientific means to compete with the ability and work of God. Thus it depends on what is considered ethically wrong or correct within the society. There are also political factions that strongly condemn the use of stem cell transplant, thus encouraging scientists to continue researching to develop other favorable methods that can be directly applied without having any ethical or moral issues [12].

In Genesis 1: 27, “ So God created mankind in his image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.” NKJV.  This verse identifies that it is possible to help maintain an integrated platform that helps create a more reliable approach that presents a more influential platform for change. Life is sacred, and thus, it is crucial to implement better measures to ensure that life is protected.

Application

Stem cell research is a controversial topic that integrates critical approaches that help to create a well-structured system that helps build important elements that help in attaining positive outcomes. The critical ethical theory that provides a better understanding of stem cell research is a virtue ethics theory. Virtue ethics offers a crucial focus on virtues and morals, which guide human behavior and decision making. This means that it is immoral and unethical to consider embryonic stem cell research due to the need to lose a life to create another one. This creates a problematic situation that needs to be adequately addressed and help ensure that the decisions that are made are accurate and focus on the moral guidelines that exist in society [13].

Money power and control have a more considerable influence on the development of stem cell research. Despite the existing challenges in carrying out embryonic stem cell extraction, individuals with power, money, and influence have been able to exert control on how these operations are performed. The process is costly, and the majority despise it, considering the underlying ethical issues. This scientific development has been primarily politicized, which creates a different understanding of different approaches that help provide a better emphasis on critical criteria that need to be considered [14].

Cell therapy is a controversial issue, although there is a need to identify the context within which this intervention is undertaken. A physician should be involved in providing a review on whether cell therapy is necessary based on the underlying complications.  Every individual has a right to health. This should inform any decision that is undertaken. Genetic improvement is against the principles of reproduction, which is against the significant religious beliefs that are defined. It is crucial to assess the different underlying situations that need to be undertaken to help in promoting a more influential platform where better healthcare decisions can be made.

Creating a balance between religious, social, and level of development based on strong background offers a better platform that can help in building a more robust platform for change. This essential in maintaining a favorable context where the decision undertakes help in defining important concepts that improve the level of engagement within a given context. Building a strong structural development that accommodates the need for religious development helps proper den changes that will enhance the level of interaction.

Conclusion

Culture and religion employ certain tenets, which are highly accommodating and the need to promote the level of success. Building a more reliable operational system means that it is possible to integrate critical approaches that help in maintaining a favorable arrangement for change. Cultural traditions that affect the treatment include values and principles that govern and guide the conduct of individuals across different communities. Each community has specific guidelines that they expect their followers to engage in without any violations. Therefore these principles, values, and beliefs play a significant role in controlling treatment. Building reliable systems that influence the decision that is undertaken in focusing on better approaches that promote a certain level of engagement. There is a need to protect individuals as well as religious concepts and values. This means that a decision needs to be made regarding stem cell must assess the existing situation and make an informed decision that focuses on improving individual life.

Bibliography

Ahn, Ilsup. “Virtue Ethics.” In Asian American Christian Ethics: Voices, Methods, Issues, 2016.

Berry, Roberta M., Lisa Bliss, Sylvia Caley, Paul A. Lombardo, and Leslie E. Wolf. “Recent Developments in Health Care Law: Culture and Controversy.” HEC forum : an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals’ ethical and legal issues (2013).

Etzrodt, Martin, Max Endele, and Timm Schroeder. “Quantitative Single-Cell Approaches to Stem Cell Research.” Cell Stem Cell, 2014.

Hauskeller, Christine. “Can Harmonized Regulation Overcome Intra-European Differences? Insights from a European Phase III Stem Cell Trial.” Regenerative Medicine (2017).

Hockemeyer, Dirk, and Rudolf Jaenisch. “Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Meet Genome Editing.” Cell Stem Cell, 2016.

Huch, Meritxell, Helmuth Gehart, Ruben Van Boxtel, Karien Hamer, Francis Blokzijl, Monique M.A. Verstegen, Ewa Ellis, et al. “Long-Term Culture of Genome-Stable Bipotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Liver.” Cell (2015).

Rosemann, Achim, and Huiyu Luo. “Attitudes Towards the Donation of Human Embryos for Stem Cell Research Among Chinese IVF Patients and Students.” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry (2018).

Somuncu, Özge Sezin, Pakize Neslihan Taşlı, Hatice Burcu Şişli, Salih Somuncu, and Fikrettin Şahin. “Characterization and Differentiation of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Newborn Foreskin Tissue.” Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2015).

Swanton, Christine. “Virtue Ethics.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 2015.

Tasoglu, Savas, and Utkan Demirci. “Bioprinting for Stem Cell Research.” Trends in Biotechnology, 2013.

Trounson, Alan, Kyle Kolaja, Thomas Petersen, Klaus Weber, Maralee McVean, and Kathleen A. Funk. “Stem Cell Research.” International Journal of Toxicology, 2015.

[1] Alan Trounson et al., “Stem Cell Research,” International Journal of Toxicology, 2015.

[2] Martin Etzrodt, Max Endele, and Timm Schroeder, “Quantitative Single-Cell Approaches to Stem Cell Research,” Cell Stem Cell, 2014.

[3] Meritxell Huch et al., “Long-Term Culture of Genome-Stable Bipotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Liver,” Cell (2015).

[4] Özge Sezin Somuncu et al., “Characterization and Differentiation of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Newborn Foreskin Tissue,” Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2015).

[5] Roberta M. Berry et al., “Recent Developments in Health Care Law: Culture and Controversy.,” HEC forum : an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals’ ethical and legal issues (2013).

[6] Christine Hauskeller, “Can Harmonized Regulation Overcome Intra-European Differences? Insights from a European Phase III Stem Cell Trial,” Regenerative Medicine (2017).

[7] Achim Rosemann and Huiyu Luo, “Attitudes Towards the Donation of Human Embryos for Stem Cell Research Among Chinese IVF Patients and Students,” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry (2018).

[8] Ilsup Ahn, “Virtue Ethics,” in Asian American Christian Ethics: Voices, Methods, Issues, 2016.

[9] Savas Tasoglu and Utkan Demirci, “Bioprinting for Stem Cell Research,” Trends in Biotechnology, 2013.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Trounson et al., “Stem Cell Research.”

[12] (Etzrodt, Endele, and Schroeder, 2014)

[13] Christine Swanton, “Virtue Ethics,” in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 2015.

[14] Dirk Hockemeyer and Rudolf Jaenisch, “Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Meet Genome Editing,” Cell Stem Cell, 2016.