Morphology and Syntax 2017-18
Your answer should include four sections; number these 1–4 in your assignment and use the bolded word in each of the specified tasks below as section headings.
- First look at sentences 1–15, then at the rest of the data. This language has a case-marking system.
- List the case forms in a table and give appropriate labels for the cases
- Describe what the case system is for marking A, S and O arguments.
Use (a-b) as subheadings to make sure you cover everything in a logical way
- Still looking just at the simple sentences (1–15), examine the verb structure. What grammatical categories are shown in the verb in simple sentences? Which morphemes show what?
- List the morphemes in a table, logically arranged according to the categories they express.
- Provide a template to demonstrate the overall pattern of the verb structure
(e.g. S/O-tense-√Vroot-aspect). - Say what sort of cross-referencing system is found in this language, and why.
Use (a-c) as subheadings to make sure you cover everything in a logical way.
- Now move on to sentences 16-36, which involve relative clauses. Describe as fully as you can how sentences involving relative clauses are constructed in this language. Refer to the Week 10 slides and the German relative clauses tutorial exercise for guidance.
- Provide a template that accounts for the structure of the relativised noun phrases. Here you should pay attention to the structure of the verb in the relative clause, and work out what it expresses.
- Is there any particular morphology associated with relative clauses? List the morphological forms and describe their distributions and functions.
- Identify the case marking patterns. Do you have any reason for establishing grammatical relations? If so, which ones? As well as working out what the case marking pattern for the entire sentence is, can you decide which words are in which clause (either the relative clause or the main clause) and which clause is missing an argument, in such a way that you don’t need any special case marking rules different from the ones you worked out in Task1?[unique_solution]
Use (a-c) as subheadings to make sure you cover everything in a logical way.
- Now look at sentences 37– State how you should revise your answer to question 3, taking into account the additional data in these sentences.
Data:
(Transcription notes: ñ =palatalized nasal /ɲ/, and ː = long vowel (i.e., /aː/ = /aa/)
| 1. | noqa hwanta wañuchiraː | ‘I killed Hwan’ |
| 2. | qam qeshyaqaywanki | ‘You will be sick’ |
| 3. | hwan warmita maqaqaywan | ‘Hwan will hit the woman’ |
| 4. | qam noqata rikamaranki | ‘You saw me’ |
| 5. | warmi wañuran | ‘The woman died’ |
| 6. | waqcha runata haytaran | ‘The orphan kicked the man’ |
| 7. | qam kuːrata ashiranki | ‘You sought (looked for) the priest’ |
| 8. | kuːra qamta rikashuqaywan | ‘The priest will see you’ |
| 9. | waqcha noqata haytamaran | ‘The orphan kicked me’ |
| 10. | noqa wasiman koːrriraː | ‘I ran to the house’ |
| 11. | runa chakrachaw puñuqaywan | ‘The man will sleep in the field’ |
| 12. | hwan mariyata rikaran | ‘Hwan saw Mariya’ |
| 13. | chakra qasaːran | ‘The field was cold’ |
| 14. | wasi urmanaqaywan | ‘The house will fall down’ |
| 15. | warmi runata rikaqaywan | ‘The woman will see the man’ |
| —————————————————— | ||
| 16. | kuːra noqata maqamaq wañuqaywan | ‘The priest who hit/hits/will hit me will die’ |
| 17. | qam warmi waqchata ashiqta maqaranki | ‘You hit the woman who sought/seeks/will seek the orphan’ |
| 18. | waqcha mariyata ashiq runata maqaqaywan | ‘The orphan who sought/seeks/will seek Mariya will hit the man’ |
| 19. | kuːra qeshyaq noqata rikamaran | ‘The priest who was/is/will be sick saw me’ |
| 20. | noqa warmi koːrriqta maqaqaywaː | ‘I will hit the woman who ran/runs/will run’ |
| 21. | runa qeshyaq koːrriran | ‘The man who is/was/will be sick ran’ |
| 22. | warmi koːrriq puñuqaywan | ‘The woman who ran/runs/will run will sleep’ |
| 23. | warmi hwanta haytaq kuːrata rikaran | ‘The woman who kicked/kicks/will kick Hwan saw the priest’ |
| 24. | mariya waqcha chayaqta haytaran | ‘Maria kicked the orphan who arrived/arrives/will arrive’ |
| 25. | mariya qam runata ashishankita rikaqaywan | ‘Mariya will see the man who you sought’ |
| 26. | qam hwan runata haytananta wañuchiqaywanki | ‘You will kill the man who Hwan will kick’ |
| 27. | noqa runata haytanaː puñuran | ‘The man who I will kick slept’ |
| 28. | qam waqchata maqashanki noqata haytamaqaywan | ‘The orphan who you hit will kick me’ |
| 29. | kuːra warmita ashinan qamta wañuchishuqaywan | ‘The woman who the priest will seek will kill you’ |
| 30. | runa puñuq hwanta wañuchiqaywan | ‘The man who slept/sleeps/will sleep will kill Hwan’ |
| 31. | noqa waqcha kuːrata haytashanta wañuchiraː | ‘I killed the priest who the orphan kicked’ |
| 32. | noqa runa mariyata wañuchiqta ashiqaywaː | ‘I will seek the man who killed/kills/will kill Mariya’ |
| 33. | warmi waqchata rikanan wañuqaywan | ‘The orphan who the woman will see will die’ |
| 34. | runa warmita maqashan chayaqaywan | ‘The woman who the man hit will arrive’ |
| 35. | mariya qam kuːrata haytanankita rikaran | ‘Mariya saw the priest who you will kick’ |
| 36. | noqa runata haytashaː puñuran | ‘The man who I kicked slept’ |
| ——————————– | ||
| 37. | hwan noqa wasita maqashaːchaw puñuran | ‘Hwan slept in the house which I hit’ |
| 38. | waqcha runa chakraman koːrrinanchaw wañuran | ‘The orphan died in the field to which the man will run’ |
| 39. | runa wasi urmanaqman chayaqaywan | ‘The man will arrive at the house which fell/falls/will fall down’ |
| 40. | qam kuːra chakraman chayashanman koːrriqaywanki | ‘You will run to the field at which the priest arrived’ |
| 41. | waqcha wasi qasaːqchaw qeshyaran | ‘The orphan was sick in the house which was/is/will be cold’ |
| 42. | noqa runa wasita ashinanchaw qeshyaraː | ‘I was sick in the house which the man will seek’ |
| 43. | mariya waqcha wasichaw qeshyashanchaw puñuran | ‘Mariya slept in the house in which the orphan was sick’ |
| 44. | kuːra waqcha wasita haytananman koːrriqaywan | ‘The priest will run to the house which the orphan will kick’ |
| 45. | kuːra warmi waqchata haytaqman koːrriran | ‘The priest ran to the woman who kicked/kicks/will kick the orphan’ |