Pain Management in Children

Pain Management in Children

                                                                             Abstract

Pain is a dangerous weapon against children’s health, and if it’s not treated effectively and quickly it can result in long term physical and psychological sequelae. All health care providers need to understand the benefit of pain control in children. According to the International Association for the study of pain, pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with potential or actual tissue damage. Among them, we have acute pain. Acute pain, is a kind of pain that is caused by illness, injury or medical procedure.  It is among the common the universe pain that attacks most children. In case such kind of pain is not well treated or responded to quickly it can result in psychological and long term disorders. Long term consequences include the sensitization to future pain, lowering of pain threshold and anticipatory anxiety during future. Also, it may result in reduced effectiveness of analgesics and increase analgesic requirements subsequently Devine, K. A., & Zeltzer, L. K. (2009).

Referring to Taddio demonstration, those in fact who were circumcised without any form of an aesthetic had lower pain threshold. Therefore, all healthcare providers need to have a good understanding of minimizing the pain in children to avoid long term consequences. Some time back, there existed some misconception that prevents children from receiving adequate pain control. Among them is that children don’t feel pain, children suffer less pain than adults. Many people assume that children don’t feel pain since they are asleep and not working. But the fact is, children’s suffer from some pains that may develop to serious illness. However, pain assessment is becoming a problem in pediatrics. Infants and children are struggling with verbalizing the pain. A well-managed pain will keep the children away from higher health care services, fewer complications and result to fast in recovering injuries.

The review summarizes the guardian view on postoperative pain in children. We concluded that guardians are not satisfied with the procedures to handle pain and more research on this is required. The research included some participants. Among them were children between the ages of 2 and 18 years. The participants were undergoing different types of surgery tonsillectomy. This applied to all, with or without orthopedic, adenoidectomy. That day that surgery was included, a stud also followed. The study was about chronically ill children.  We exclude the study that focused on adult’s pain. Also, studies that did not focus on family were excluded. We only concentrate on the studies that include family members, the nurses and the view of family members.

We get to know that families had different views on how to manage children’s pains. Some other views were affected by their spiritual beliefs which supported that children don’t feel pain. Nurse’s quick response to collect to select other items on attitude and knowledge study reveals other misconceptions. This truth was predicted in half of the pediatric nurses. The main reason for this response is not identified if it generates from lack of knowledge on respiratory depression, nurses fear on laboratory depression or some other underlying rationale. It children right to be free from pain and it nurses duty to relieve them out of the pain. The research needs to be conducted on why children are undermedicated.if the CRs can predict the nurse’s behavior, then the education system can be restructured on a way that it can serve the needs of everyone.

The content in this study holds on what the nurses know about relieving children’s pain and their management. You will note that most of the pains need a different way to handle. In this regards then, nurses need to have a firm knowledge on how to handle every kind of distress presented. It is good to develop a way of examining nurse and see what they understand about this phenomenon.

A meta-analysis was carried out using statistical software, the standard mean difference rather than the weighted mean difference. The main reason for this was because the researcher used different ways of measuring children’s pain. A random meta-analysis was used to give a result for the heterogeneity of the study. Here are the ways that one can access, when planning for treatment, take the standard account into consideration,  if it is possible to introduce the child into the scale of measurement when they are not in pain since it will be a quite difficult task to tell if the children’s concentration impairs the children pain using self-report scale. Obtaining a score should not be viewed as a substitute for not communicating with the parent.

In other words, it is good to use this self-scale to tell the score of children’s pain. The scale is beneficial to the parents since it will tell when the child in danger and immediate action is considered.  To hide pain in most of the children will require skilled nurses to perform the task. It is not a simple task to tell whether a child is suffering or not. Note, children my surf inside and fail to reflect the same outside. One may think that the child is okay but deep inside here are some infections fighting the baby Vincent, C. V. H. (2005).

Other branches of pain such as effective impact, the away is developed and how to deal with it as well as the functional disability or effect accompanied by impact effective. A child may agree for a moderate degree pain if the mind is not affected by the periods. Finally, formal psychometric as of measuring these variables are less well known than the simple one-dimensional pain intensity scale. And also more complex. To come up with this data, the researcher followed the following data analysis. Defining the question, setting clear measurement priorities, collect data, analyze data and then interpret the results. In conclusion, it is wise to understand that children are just like any other and need the same service as others. In this regard, children’s pain should be taken into consideration as just other pains. When children pain is managed to protect the child from visiting the health care regularly and a lot faster healing of the injuries.

Part B.

Pain management is a process of handling the factors that caused unrest to the infant or the children. According to research, there are different types of pain. Namely, acute, neuropathic, cancer pain and chronic pain. The four types of pains are commonly found on you babies and as a result of failure to handle them they may result in a serious psychological effect.  According to researcher content, acute pain is expected to last in the body of the child or a few days or weeks and has an obvious cause. It is only dealt with by non-pharmacological, and medication treatment only to bring comfort. It can be defined as an indicator that the child needs attention or medication. While the child is feeling pain, the psychological result may prolong the healing and recovery process.

Untreated pain can result in alkalosis and hypoxia which may be accompanied by breathing complications. This kind of breathing complications may lead to accumulation of fluid in lungs resulting in the inability of coughing. Pain can lead to high heart rate and high blood pressure. The researcher went further and explained that inadequate pain management may lead to psychosocial problems which include. Loss of appetite, sleep problem and apathy Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. (2001).

Other common consequences are high readmission hospital rates and prolonged recovery dates. The next type of pain in children is Neuropathic pain. It’s kind of pain that is associated with abnormal sensitivity to touch or contact or the abnormal nerves injuries. Though currently, Neuropathy pain is uncommon to children but greater in adults, are research that shows it is also raised in children’s lives. It is caused by some injury in the spinal cord or past surgery and amputation. Finally, we have chronic pain. The researcher describes this kind of pain as the pain that affect the daily activity of the baby. Neuropathy pain results in children missing school days. It lasts for a long period and it is characterized as mild to severe. It is also presented when the child complains of headache pain, abdominal pain, or a combination of these.

The pain can develop as a result of injury and can happen simultaneously with the acute pain. Children who suffer from chronic pain can experience psychological problems. The fact is that most of the misconceptions are not true. For instance, it is believed that children cannot feel pain because their nerves are not myelinated. In which, nerve myelieted is not beneficial for the transmission of pain impulses to the brain. Also, it is believed that children cannot indicate where the pain is originating from. The researcher argued that children have cognitive body movements that can direct the origin of pain. Other strong believe that several people hold on is that a sleeping child can not suffer from pain. The truth of the matter is that. Sleeping occurs as a result of exultation.

To enhance the growth and stability in children’s, every effort should be made to ease the pain in their bodies.  It is good to note that there are two types of managing the pain. The first one is pharmacological pain management and non-pharmacological pain management. For pharmacological pain management, it includes the use of medicine to cure the pain Pölkki, T., Vehviläinen‐Julkunen, K., & Pietilä, A. M. (2001).Some of the children develop a tolerance seduction of the pain. Which means that over a period the doses will have to change or increase choices of medicine may need to change. Most families are afraid of the narcotic. It is good to note that the ultimate objectives are comfort, activeness and quality overall of life which holds doing everything possible to relieve the child from pain. And for the non-pharmacological pain management, is where the pain is handled without means of any medication. This type of management uses different ways to alter thinking and focus to decrease pain. The most effective methods used is psychological. This process is always worse because it what an individual imagines.

The next method is imagery. This is a pleasant method most used to children. It involves focusing the child’s through a mental image of sights, sell, taste and feeling Huth, M. M., Broome, M. E., & Good, M. (2004). Several methods were used to come up with this content. The researcher visited several health care institutions to examine the process of easing pin. This kind of method helped the researcher to come up with clean content that was used to develop this research. Also, to get the social misconception on how people consider children problem, the researcher had to visit several rural homes. A random interview was conducted and participants faithfully delivered their view on the same.  The researcher applied the following steps to analyze the data. The first step was setting the goals. This step is the first step before conducting any research. It should be simple, short and clear. The second step was setting the priorities for measurement. Once you are done with setting the objectives then the next step is to define what you are going to measure. The third step is to gather information. The researcher, in this case, developed strategic methods of collecting the information from the outside environment. It is the next step after one has set the priorities. The 4th step is scrubbing the data. After collecting the data, one has to evaluate the most appropriate information. Through scrubbing the collected data, one always produce a quality conclusion of the research. After scrubbing the data the second last step is to analyse the data. Our researcher in this content analysed the data on children pain management. Through this method, he managed to highlight the most appropriate point that related to children pain management. The final step used in coming up with valid data is the result interpretation. After carefully considering the above steps, the research expert interpreted the data to develop the final copy.

In conclusion, children’s health is a basic activity for every parent. The truth of the matter is that all children require attention and care. Any sign or indication of pain in the infant should be responded effectively and speedily. Any kind of pain that may affect the infant may lead to serious infections. Several children suffer psychological problems today as a result of their parents taking for granted any kind of painful feeling within them. The above text is research that shows how serious pain is in the life of young ones. Let get our mind out of traditional beliefs that children don’t feel pain. They also have blood and flesh within them. They suffer pain just as any human being. Parents need to gain skills on how to manage children’s pain at any moment. This is to secure your child in case you’re far from the nurse.

Reference

Blount, R. L., Zempsky, W. T., Jaaniste, T., Evans, S., Cohen, L. L., Devine, K. A., & Zeltzer, L. K. (2009). Management of pediatric pain and distress due to medical procedures.

Kortesluoma, R. L., Nikkonen, M., & Serlo, W. (2008). “You just have to make the pain go away”—Children’s experiences of pain management. Pain Management Nursing, 9(4), 143-149.

Vincent, C. V. H. (2005). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices: Regarding children’s pain. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 30(3), 177-183.

Huth, M. M., Broome, M. E., & Good, M. (2004). Imagery reduces children’s postoperative pain. Pain, 110(1-2), 439-448.

Pölkki, T., Vehviläinen‐Julkunen, K., & Pietilä, A. M. (2001). Nonpharmacological methods in relieving children’s postoperative pain: a survey on hospital nurses in Finland. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(4), 483-492.

Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. (2001). The assessment and management of acute pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Paediatrics, 108(3), 793-797.