Prerequisites for the British Industrial Revolution

Prerequisites for the British Industrial Revolution

INTRODUCTION

As everyone knows, everything happens with prerequisites. Of course, the British Industrial Revolution is no exception. The industrial revolution began in Britain before other countries like the USA, the industrial revolution brought success in societies through modification of their economic structures and also through the hierarchical destabilization, and this influenced their daily life. It led to the manufacture of products such as textile and metal products too. More quantity of products was produced to the introduction of new technology; this helped to cater to the larger growing population. Industrial growth led to the emergency of infrastructure development too because people would want to transport goods to the market. In this topic, we are going to discuss how the corresponding was introduced, how funds were accumulated, international trade, and productivity.

Policy

In 1688, Parliament announced that King William of England agreed to accept the terms of the Bill of Rights introduced by the Parliament in 1689, which was called William III. The following are the essential contents of the Charter of Rights: It is impossible for the King to violate the parliament tax power. Second, where laws are passed by Parliament, the King has no power to repeal them. Three, without the approval of Parliament, the King could not form a permanent army. Four, People’s right to petition. Five, Parliament can have free speech, and the King must not interfere, nor can members of Parliament be arrested for their political actions. Parliament should be held on a regular basis. In 1701, the Parliament passed the succession law, which was mainly a supplement to the Charter of Rights. The minister must sign a decree that regulates the King to take effect. All ministers must implement parliamentary decisions; if they do not agree with the Council’s decision, the minister must resign. Under the law, ministers are responsible before Parliament, not before the King. He became King of England without rule, and the bourgeoisie-dominated Parliament holds power. A monarchy constitution was finally established, and this became the foundation of British capitalism and industrial revolution.（Wang, .2012).

Completion of Original Accumulation

A good policy can bring people a lot of wealth, that is to say, emergence and development are two necessary conditions for the capitalist mode of production. On the one hand, a large number of workers enjoy personal freedom, but they have no means of production. On the other hand, the wealth of means of production and currency should be concentrated in the hands of a few people. The formation of these two conditions, that is, the original capital and the accumulation of wealth. The accumulation process of initial capital is different from the transfer process of early capital accumulation. Starting from the mode of production of capitalism, the latter occurs in the mass production of capitalism. Therefore, we call the former the collection of the first capital, and the latter the collection of primitive money Britain’s main ways are enclosure movement, colonial plunder, and primitive capital accumulation, which provided an excellent surety for the British industrial revolution. (Wang.2012)

Capital accumulation provides a powerful guarantee for the British Industrial Revolution.

Foreign trade

In the 16th century, the British government vigorously developed business. The British government strongly supports the shipping industry and the establishment of independent trading companies. The most important emerging market was Britain’s establishment in East India in 1600. Hudson of North America, Britain’s forced trade in India. For example, India became a victim of forced labor Indian farmers grow opium and export it to high-profit countries. The British buy Indian rice at a lower price and then sell it to other countries for a considerable profit (Habakkuk, 2002).

For the indigenous people of the United States and Australia, the British colonists, on the one hand, were genocides and massacres; on the other hand, Hudson company established a predatory trading company in the north of the United States seventeen years ago, with revenues And that’s why Britain has so much wealth and money through trade and plunder of houses (Zihua, 1980).

After the British bourgeois revolution, the British government, through the campaign of siege and colonialism abroad, there are two necessary conditions for capitalist production: free labor and capital.

Production technology is mature

Technology is the first productivity（Gaojian, J，1957，p.303）.In the early 15th century, semi-agricultural and semi-manufactured handicrafts were very common. In the late 15th century, to speed up production, urban and rural wool merchants gradually connected and separated. There are two separate and focused workshops on home crafts, expanding British handicraft workshops, and a large number of handicraft immigrants; they closely related to technological progress. In other European countries in the late Middle Ages, France and Holland had more handicrafts than England (Wang Ming, 2012).

However, the constant religious wars persecuted many Protestants, many skilled Protestant artisans and these skilled craftsmen played an important role in improvement and innovation, along with the wall movement in Britain More and more farmers are losing their land, providing a wide range of low-cost labor for the scattered handicraft workshops, which means the most common factor in the British capitalist structure Mature feudal society

According to Gaojian (1957), in the 18th century, the British handicraft workshops expanded due to the development of craft workshops. The division of work of art is more detailed. Crafts are divided into various details, so there is a small Simple production tool are suitable for multiple specialized tasks, as well as the differences between skilled workers and unskilled workers. The development of the division of labor improves many tools to adapt to specific movements. Therefore, it provides a possibility to combine these tools in a Danube machinery, many skilled workers, rich experience, and accumulated production experience, which creates the physical premise of mechanical invention.

Conclusion

In short, the industrial revolution is the result of many world interactions, and we can see that there are one or more factors in other European countries, there are many factors in the United Nations. The accumulation of these factors has led to a series of reactions, we can see that there was the formation of Constitutional monarchy, a cabinet system, and modern parliamentary system due to bourgeois revolution in Britain, we can also know that capital accumulation was adopted, and it helped a lot in the industrial revolution, besides there was the introduction of foreign trade between Britain and East India, where Britain sold opium to Indian market forcefully, for the production speed up, it led to technology introduction .there was the introduction of handicraft workshops and craftsmen, they played a significant in technology improvement during that time. This is a gradual process. This is the prerequisite for the British Industrial Revolution.

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References

Habakkuk，H.J.(2002) Cambridge European Economic History.Volume 6.Beijing.Economic science press.P259.

Zi Hua，C.(1980)Characteristics and historical significance of the British Industrial Revolution.Chongqin.Humanities and Social Sciences.

Wang Ming（2012）China How Net.Shanghai: Sina News.

Gaojian, J.(1957) The Complete Works of Marx and Engels.Volume 2.Shanghai.People’s Publishing House.P303.