Quantum Cryptography

Quantum Cryptography

Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing is a field of study that focuses on the development of computer technology based on quantum theory principles, which explains the behavior of energy and materials on the atomic and subatomic levels. Quantum Computation utilizes quantum-mechanical phenomena. These include superposition as well as entanglement to carry out computation [1]. Development of quantum results in a computing processor with the capability to function much faster than the modern-day supercomputers. Following the quantum physics laws, the gadget would gain a vast power to conduct multiple tasks concurrently using all possible permutations. The current computers that people use today can only encode data in bits with the value ranging from 1 or 0. Quantum computing utilizes bits or qubits. Therefore, harnessing a unique ability of subatomic participles that enable them to exist in several states such as a one and a zero simultaneously. The superposition and entanglement features allow the quantum computer at an exponentially higher speed compared to the conventional machines and at a relatively lower energy consumption..

Quantum Cryptography

Quantum Cryptography, also referred to as quantum encryption, is the science of using the quantum mechanical property to carry out tasks. This scenario implies that the encryption applies mechanical principles to encrypt messages in a way that it cannot get into unauthorized hands [2]. Therefore, only the intended recipients can access the information. The most famous example of quantum cryptography is the key distribution that provides a secure technical information solution to the keys exchange problem. The benefit of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it enables one to complete various tasks that are impossible using classical-quantum communication. This kind of encryption takes advantage of the multiple states of the quantum accompanied by the theory of no change, which means no one can unknowingly interrupt the system. Quantum Cryptography allows two or more parties that do not trust each other to communicate [3]. It makes it easier to transmit secret messages. Suppose one wishes to give their credit number to a merchant in exchange for products without involving a third party to intercept the card number. The only way to ensure that the two parties accomplish the actions without having negative consequences in the future is to use the cryptographic protocol.

Importance of Quantum-Resistant Cryptography

The post-quantum cryptography, also called the quantum-resistant, is an algorithm that secures a quantum computer against a cyber-attack. Therefore, quantum-resistant cryptography is necessary to protect private information from gaining unauthorized access. Ideally, quantum-resistant cryptography will allow the user to share a new key every time they wish to communicate confidential information to enhance the security of their communications [4]. The one-time pad cryptographers act as a reminder on the old days where people used to distribute encryption keys on a single sheet of paper every time. Using the key only once makes it difficult for hackers to track such encryption. Besides, post-quantum cryptography allows secure transmission of keys. Whenever the receiving ends detect enough changes, then the system assumes that the observation of the transmitted key has occurred. Therefore, aborting the session and begins a new one using a different medium of transmission. This scenario enables individuals to transmit a key securely and use it to secure the transmitted information. This feature applies to quantum computers with significantly more advancements. Undoubtedly, quantum-resistant key distribution plays a substantial role in preventing data breaches, especially in the modern era, where cyberattacks are on the rise. Hence, the post-quantum cryptography will become a more significant necessity as quantum computers continue being more widely available. Individuals need the quantum-resistant to keep the hackers away from violating data privacy at the personal or organizational level.

References

[1] E. G. Rieffel, Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction (Scientific and Engineering Computation). The MIT Press, 2014.

[2] T. Zhou, J. Shen, X. Li, C. Wang & J. Shen, Quantum Cryptography for the Future Internet, and the Security Analysis. Security and Communication Networks, 2018, pp.

1-7.

[3] X. Tan, “Introduction to Quantum Cryptography,” Theory and Practice of Cryptography and Network Security Protocols and Technologies, July. 2013.

[4] Choudhury, A. (2020). Quantum-Proof Cryptography & Its Role in Security. Analytics India Magazine. https://analyticsindiamag.com/quantum-proof-cryptography-its-role-in-security/