RACE IN EDUCATION

RACE IN EDUCATION

Outline

1. Introduction
2. Background Information

The HBCU vs. PWI comparison has existed after the formation of HBCU institutions in 1964, to support the Blacks in achieving academic prosperity. The debate has been on which institution is better than the other in performance. The comparison has gone further from just a discussion, expanding the racial conflict to the education system throughout the country.

1. Thesis statement- continued debate and argument between students, parents, and alumni of these two institutions have been predominant in the social media platforms throughout history. The primary basis of these debates is on administration discrimination, difficulties in school selection, low funding and under-representation, and weak institutional and cultural integration diversity.
2. Body paragraph 1

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3. Topic sentence: There is a raise in the discrimination and prevalence of on-campus prejudice on campus, which influences the conflict on where to go for graduate education.
4. Example 1- According to Blades (2017), a student states, “Throughout history, blacks have faced great resistance from PWIs, including admission discrimination and the prevalence of on-campus prejudice, an issue still relevant today.” The rejection of PWI colleges by Black students shows a high level of discrimination against black students by the Whites. Such leads to further incidents of discrimination, which sparks more debates online.
5. Example 2- According to Trice (2018), discrimination extends to how choosing graduate students in employment opportunities basis on race, where White employers prefer graduates from PWI institutions rather than qualified HBCU graduates, is a clear indication of racial discrimination. However, he denies this claim in his article, stating that, “Most alumni and students debate that degrees obtained from PWare more attracting to employers than those of an HBCU, which is not the case,” which has erupted the HBCU vs. PWI debate.

• Body paragraph 2

1. Topic sentence: Students in both HBCU and PWI encounter challenges in their high school seniors’ years when facing difficulties in selecting colleges and universities.
2. Example 1- African-American society influences the challenge of black students in choosing PWI institutions (Knox, 2016). The same is applicable for the whites, where parents and other members of society influence the selection of these institutions.
3. Example 2- Students at HBCUs also encounter a hostile environment, even in the current presidency (Castro et al., 2018). These students are regarded as social change incubators, facing more racial hostility from the political administration. The hostility has also been observed in our government, with President Trump deems to immigrants as “animals.”

According to Carrington (2018), the pressure to choose an institution that is highly dominated by your skin color exists in all high schools. Even though these institutions are the same, online debate influence students in the decision-making process.

1. Body paragraph 3
2. Topic sentence- Funding has been an impact on the debate on dominance between the two institutions in the United States. Low funding from HBCU institutions has created the selection and performance of these institutions inferior to PWI.
3. According to Randall (2018), HBCU institutions are considered inferior due to the low funding, which makes it hard for these institutions to purchase better facilities and equipment for better performance. An HBCU student states, “I would say that my favorite thing about attending NCMC was the funding towards academics. I feel like PWI’s are more funded than HBCUs. When more money is available into the institution, it gives the institution a great set up for student’s success,” showing the challenges in HBCU institutions.
4. Example 2- According to the American Council on Education (2019), the federal and state government inequality in investment and funding of HBCUs affects the education systems of black students giving them fewer opportunities for success compared to PWIs. The challenges make it difficult for students from the Black community to attain better post-secondary education.

Michelle Obama stated that unequal funding in Black universities and colleges in the country are the highest violation of civil rights in education of students in those institutions.

1. Body paragraph 4
2. Topic Sentence-Diversity in HBCU and PWI institutions has been a significant challenge that both institutions find challenging when selecting and debating on this topic.
3. Example 1- There is racial consideration when selecting between the two institutions. Some students from the Black community feel unsafe and unease when they plan on attending PWI institutions (Ann, 2019). The one race dominance in one institution has created uniformity in these institutions.
4. Example 2- According to an article by Brandon and Esters (2018), the lack of diversity in HBCU institutions creates a supportive environment for Black students to achieve academic success, which they cannot in PWI. The same support is absent for White students, which leads to reduced diversity in both institutions.

Lack of black culture lectures in PWIs also shows how there is no diversity in those institutions (Jones, 2014). Students changing schools from PWI to HBCU have experienced better historical and cultural education. One of the students transferred to HBCU schools was happy from her first lecture, saying, “We talked about things that I had never had the chance to before coming from a predominantly white high school,” a clear indication that there is no diversity in these institutions.

1. Conclusion

In conclusion, the HBCU vs. PWI debate is dominant between Blacks and Whites, which has been brought up by issues such as administration discrimination, difficulties in school selection, low funding and under-representation, and weak institutional and cultural integration diversity. The involvement of race in education has influenced the performance of students in these institutions. Students should note that the performance of an individual depends on the hard work and effort they put into their studies, and by the institution they attend. The government should also implement equal disbursement of funds, which promotes creating a better learning environment for students in HBCUs.

References

Ann, M. (2019). HBCU vs. PWI. Retrieved from https://vocal.media/education/hbcu-vs-pwi

American Council on Education. (2019). ACE Brief Illustrates HBCU Funding Inequities. Retrieved from https://www.acenet.edu/News-Room/Pages/ACE-Brief-Illustrates-HBCU-Funding-Inequities.aspx

Arnett, A. (2015). Funding at HBCUs Continues to be Separate and Unequal. Retrieved from https://diverseeducation.com/article/73463/

Blades, L. (2017). How Malia Obama’s Harvard News Reignited the HBCU vs. PWI debate on Twitter. Retrieved from https://www.teenvogue.com/story/malia-obama-harvard-hbcu-pwi-debate

Brandon, C., & Esters, L. (2018). PWIs and HBCUs Need to Create Partnerships, Not Competition. Retrieved from https://diverseeducation.com/article/118297/

Carrington, S. (2018). PWIs vs. HBCUs. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@j00797461/pwis-vs-hbcu-s-f3b8b7022092

Castro Samayoa, A., Stolzenberg, E. B., Zimmerman, H. B., & Gasman, M. (2018, November). Understanding Black Students’ Social Agency at Historically Black Colleges: Data From a National Survey. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 3, p. 94). Frontiers.

Jones, J. (2014). Viewpoint: HBCU vs. PWI debate misses the real point of higher education. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/college/2014/06/01/viewpoint-hbcu-vs-pwi-debate-misses-the-real-point-of-higher-education/37391543/

Knox, N. (2016). Reasons Why I Chose A PWI Over An HBCU. Retrieved from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/reasons-choose-pwi-hbcu

Randall, J. (2018). Ending The HBCU vs. PWI Debate Once and For All. Retrieved from https://studybreaks.com/college/hbcu-vs-pwi-debate/

Trice, K. (2018). HBCU vs. PWI Debate Should Have Never Been a Thing. Retrieved from https://theblackdetour.com/hbcu-vs-pwi-debate/