Research Proposal on Assessment and Management of Pressure Ulcer Pain among In America

Research Proposal on Assessment and Management of Pressure Ulcer Pain among In America

 Statement of the Problem

The primary purpose of the study will be to investigate the ways through which the nurses assess and manage the pain of their clients in Americans with hematology malignancy. These people are said to require an acute admission in the hospital to the Haematology unit in the City Of New York. The research will be highly focusing on the best ways that pain can be assessed based on age (Kozier, 1997). Different people of different ages have different interpretations of pain. The way adults interpret pain is not the same way children interpret. It is, therefore, a vital issue for nurses to be aware of this fact so that they can have relevant treatment according to the level of pain.

Importance of the Problem

A large group of people is suffering from different kinds of pain. The foundation of helping the victims is to know the level of pain. The fact that the level of pain ought to be known for the effective treatment of the patient calls for nurses to understand the ways they can get the information about the pain. For instance, when a nurse is attempting to protect his or her client from the development of pressure ulcers, the nurse should improve his or her risk assessment of pressure ulcer (Marieb, 2002). The improvement can be achieved by implementing the guideline recommendation. Therefore, there will be a preparation of the intervention program and then performed in accordance with the results of the project. The program will be prepared alongside the practice of healthcare that is for clients who are bedridden and those at risk of developing a pressure ulcer.

In all such events, the specialist nurses in oncology are said to be responsible for co-coordinating the effective care of the patient following the cancer treatment or operations is any. These are nurses who are specialists in the department of patients’ pain management, especially pressure ulcer victims. Such nurses are expected to have attended training and to be having an experience of at least five years in the field. The management by such nurses involves supporting the family of the client alongside their patients during the treatment (Marieb, 2002). Therefore, the research will be useful to the oncology nurses first. This is because it will equip them with a piece of relevant knowledge to effectively attending their clients.

Additionally, the research will be helpful to the future generation who will be in search of materials to review. The results from the study will be of considerable significance to the management (McCaffery, Pearson, & Ward, 1999). During the policy making the management will be aware of the type of nurses to recruit, the types of tools to implement for better treatment of their patients. The hospital firm will be competitive if it has the well-equipped nurses since these are the people who know more about the welfare of the patients and who take care of the clients. Such a firm will be said to be serving its customers optimally and satisfactorily.

Literature Review

Article 1: According to Murray et al., everywhere in the world, there are elements of elicits dreads. These researchers argued that the cancer epidemic was found to be a source of considerable morbidity and mortality in both males and females. They said that there are genes that control the interactions, and the growths of other cells that are normal are abnormal in regulations or structure in cancer cells. In implication, the article provided that cancer disease affects all people regardless of gender, age, and size, among another demographic factors. Once an individual falls a victim of the disease, then various organs are said to be affected. According to the authors, the incidence of the epidemic increases as fourth to the sixth power of age. In implication, as an individual lives more extended, he or she will be likely to develop the disease. It means that the cases of the disease are many, and it was proved to be a painful one. The authors suggested that such patients ought to be treated effectively, and it was said to involve first knowing their level of pain and then managing the pain.

Article 2: According to Kozier, almost all instances by some abnormal cellular gene activation or mutation that control cell mitosis and cell growth causes cancer. Kozier found that all such abnormal genes were associated with a great impact on the health of the victim and that they created a lot of pain to the person due to the ulcers attributed to the epidemic. Such abnormal genes are called oncogenes. The author’s findings were that specific oncogenes activation suppression is associated with anti-oncogenes all cells. It means that that the absence of anti-oncogenes allows the oncogenes’ activation. The situation at this point is related to chronic pain, whereby it is irreversible and that the patient needs a maximum level of attention. The handling of such a person is complicated since he or she is deemed as a fragile object. Most of his body parts are said to be paining. Nurses are obligated to interacting with such customers, and monitor their level of pain, manage it to the maximum. They can liaise with the family members or any other relevant person who is available during the treatment. However, the article suggested that the best way to assess the patient’s pain was the interrogation of the patient. Although accurate and reliable information can be involved from the client, there are some cases when he or she cannot talk, and it is, therefore, during such cases when the third person can be used.

Article 3: Marieb criticized Kozier in his argument that the best way of getting accurate information from the patient was by relaying the patient’s information. Marieb suggested that when the person is not able to talk or explain his situation, the best way that can be applied is the historical way of assessing the pain. She suggested that nurses can look at the medical report of the patient and see the previous epidemic and the degree of intensity that the person was. Through that, they will have a better starting point.

Article 4: (Twycross, 2002) argued that in most trusts and universities over ten years ago have depicted a high level of education in the management of acute pain. According to the author, various medical schools were dominated by courses about pain management, especially for pressure ulcers. Most of the studies have been conducted on pressure cancer, and this should not be used to infer that there are no other types of pain. However, the reason why pressure ulcer pain is focused on is that it is among the lethal epidemics, and the pain associated is severe, especially after an operation.

Article 5: (McCaffery et al. 1999), nurses were deemed as the crucial factor for the effective management of pain. The effectiveness was enhanced by the possession of appropriate attitude and knowledge in the assessment of the patient’s pain (McCaffery et al. 1999). According to the review, various factors are involved in pain determination. The crucial factors included but not limited to the patient’s behavior observation, medical history of the patient, and functioning element.

Research Objective

The objective of the proposed research will be to establish an effective way of assessing the patient’s pain and management.

Methodology

The research will involve primary data collection. The research design that will be espoused will be experimental, observation, and interview. The population target population will be the nurses from one of the hospitals in New York City. They will be asked about the ways they have been assessing their customers’ level of pain. Various measurements will be used to compare among the assessment reports. Calculation of different statistics will be done to help in drawing conclusions (Kozier, 1997). The data that will be used to calculate the statistics will be collected through methods like interviews and observation. These are the most prominent methods applicable in a situation where primary data is conducted. Finally, the data will be fed into the computer for processing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Kozier, R. (1997). Pressure ulcer prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and impact. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 13(3), 421-436.

Marieb (2002). Pressure ulcer prevention and management. Annu Rev Nurs Res, 20, 35-61.

McCaffery Lewis, M., Pearson, A., & Ward, C. (1999). Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment: transforming research findings into consensus-based clinical guidelines. International journal of nursing practice, 9(2), 92-102.

Murray, Hollisaz, M. T., Khedmat, H., & Yari, F. (2004). A randomized clinical trial comparing hydrocolloid, phenytoin, and simple dressings for the treatment of pressure ulcers [ISRCTN33429693]. BMC dermatology, 4(1), 18.

Pieper, B., Sugrue, M., Weiland, M., Sprague, K., & Heimann, C. (1997). Presence of pressure ulcer prevention methods used among patients considered at risk versus those considered not at risk. Journal of WOCN, 24(4), 191-199.

Twycross, C. (2002). A new pressure ulcer conceptual framework. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(10), 2222-2234.