SMART TRAFFIC LIGHTS SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE VEHICLES

SMART TRAFFIC LIGHTS SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE VEHICLES

ABSTRACT:

In the Existing system, There is no automatic system is implemented in both the traffic system as well as in the toll gate system. All the system so far in existence is of the standard interface. In the proposed method, Our proposed work is to implement the same concept to avoid time-wasting in the signals for the emergency vehicle but using Zigbee as the concept. The main advantage of using Zigbee is a long-range communication. Messages can be migrated to green mode even the vehicle comes in the long-range. IR is used for Vehicle count, and Zigbee is used for controlling the Signals. Apart from this work, we also deploy Zigbee based toll gate payment automation system in this project. Payment is taken automatically from the vehicle owner’s account, and even the vehicle comes from the long-range from the toll gate. The vehicle owner needs to provide two reports; the amount would be taken from the first account. If there is no sufficient balance, then the amount would be taken from the second account automatically. We also deploy Android applications for the best route as well as for the toll payment system.

INTRODUCTION:

Gaza Strip is one of the most densely populated regions in the whole world. More than two million people live in a small strip of land. Therefore, most parts of Gaza city are severely affected by massive traffic jams with an increasing number of existing vehicles.

Aged traffic signaling systems, insufficient police workforce, limited road spaces, and bad driving habits create pro-longed traffic congestions. Traffic jams bite the economy, causes serious air pollution, and noise pollution and thus worsens the overall environmental conditions. To reduce traffic jams, a proper smart signaling system is critically needed to be developed and installed. Under ordinary circumstances, the used conventional traffic control signals in Gaza mainly have two defects whereby time slots are fixed, and the controller is unable to detect emergency vehicles approaching.

OBJECTIVE:

The main aim of this project is to find out the best path for the emergency vehicle to safeguard the patients who are traveling in that vehicle using wireless Zigbee technology. We also improvise the implementation by installing the Zigbee network in the Tollgate also. This system will avoid waiting time in the toll.

LITERATURE SURVEY:

Paper 1: Intelligent Traffic Lights Based on RFID

Author: Harpal Singh, Krishan Kumar, Harbans Kaur

Abstract:

Traffic management is a critical issue of the road. Traffic lights play an essential role in the traffic management. The existing traffic lights follow the predetermined sequence. So these lights are called static traffic lights. These traffic lights are not capable of counting the number of vehicles and the priority of the cars on the intersection point. As a result, some cars have to wait even there is no traffic on the other side. The cars like Ambulance and Fire Brigade are also stuck in traffic and waste their valuable time. The proposed system provides quality of service to Emergency vehicles and improves the accuracy of the Automatic Traffic Light Violation Detection system as well as helps to trace out the stolen vehicles using RFID.

Paper 2:  Reducing Emergency Services Response Time in Smart Cities: An Advanced Adaptive and Fuzzy Approach

Author: Soufiene Djahel∓, Nicolas Smith∓, Shen Wang‡, and John Murphy

Abstract:

Nowadays, the unprecedented increase in road traffic congestion has led to severe consequences on individuals, the economy, and the environment, especially in urban areas in most of the big cities worldwide. The most critical among the above results is the delay of emergency vehicles, such as ambulances and police cars, leading to increased deaths on roads and substantial financial losses. To alleviate the impact of this problem, we design an advanced adaptive traffic control system that enables faster emergency services response in smart cities while maintaining a minimal increase in congestion level around the route of the emergency vehicle. This can be achieved with a Traffic Management System (TMS) capable of implementing changes to the road network’s control and driving policies following an appropriate and well-tuned adaptation strategy. This latter is determined based on the severity of the emergency situation and current traffic conditions estimated using a fuzzy logic-based scheme. The obtained simulation results, using a set of typical road networks, have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in terms of the significant reduction of emergency vehicles’ response time and the negligible disruption caused to the non-emergency vehicles traveling on the same road network.

Paper 3: An Approach Towards the Integration of Bus Priority, Traffic Adaptive Signal Control, and Bus Information Scheduling Systems

Author: Pitu Mirchandani” , Anna Knyazyan,” Larry Head,” and Wenji wu

Abstract:

This paper addresses the integration of adaptive traffic signal control and bus priority. In bus priority, several possible approaches are used for giving more “weight ” to the buses: (1) passive priority, when signal timings are set, ahead of time, so that buses incur fewer delays, (2) active priority, where buses are detected at approaches to the intersection and phase splits are adjusted to accommodate the bus, and (3) “optimization-base d” priority where the current state of the system is estimated, and the signals are changed as per active priority schemes. Our work is related to the last approach where the signs are set based on real-time opt to limit ion of the phasing that considers all the vehicles on the network, the passenger counts in the buses, and the schedule status of the coaches.

Paper 4: Adaptive Traffic Management for Secure and Efficient Emergency Services in Smart Cities

Author: Soufiene Djahel∓, Mazeiar Salehi }, Irina Tal‡ and Pooyan Jamshidi

Abstract:

            The rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, as well as the growing size of cities, has led to a plethora of challenges for road traffic management authorities such as traffic congestion, accidents, and air pollution. The work presented in this paper focuses on the particular problem of traffic management for emergency services, for which a delay of a few minutes may cause human life risks as well as financial losses. The goal is to reduce the latency of emergency services for vehicles such as ambulances and police cars, with minimum unnecessary disruption to the regular traffic, and preventing potential misuses. To this end, we propose to design a framework in which the Traffic Management System (TMS) may adapt by dynamically adjusting traffic lights, changing related driving policies, recommending behavior change to drivers, and applying essential security controls. The choice of an adaptation depends on the emergency severity level announced by the emergency vehicle(s). The severity level may need to be verified by corresponding authorities to preserve security measures. We discuss the details of our proposed framework and the potential challenges in the paper.

Paper 5: Traffic Management for Emergency Vehicle Priority Based on Visual Sensing

Author: Kapileswar Nellore  and Gerhard P. Hancke

Abstract:

            Vehicular traffic is endlessly increasing everywhere in the world and can cause terrible

traffic congestion at intersections. Most of the traffic lights today feature a fixed green light sequence. Therefore the green light sequence is determined without taking the presence of the emergency vehicles into account. Thus, emergency vehicles such as ambulances, police cars, fire engines, etc. stuck in a traffic jam and delayed in reaching their destination can lead to loss of property and valuable lives. This paper presents an approach to schedule emergency vehicles in traffic. The approach combines the measurement of the distance between the emergency vehicle and an intersection using visual sensing methods, vehicle counting, and time-sensitive alert transmission within the sensor network. The distance between the emergency vehicle and the intersection is calculated for comparison using Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, and Canberra distance techniques. The experimental results have shown that the Euclidean distance outperforms other distance measurement techniques.

Along with visual sensing techniques to collect emergency vehicle information, it is imperative to have a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to deliver the emergency vehicle information to the Traffic Management Center (TMC) with less delay. Then only the emergency vehicle is quickly served and can reach the destination in time. In this paper, we have also investigated the MAC layer in WSNs to prioritize the emergency vehicle data and to reduce the transmission delay for emergency messages.

Paper 6:  Dynamic Traffic Light System for Unhindered Passing of High Priority

Vehicles

Author: Athul Krishna A, Bharath A Kartha and Vishnu S Nair

Abstract:

Response time of the emergency services is vital in drastically improving the chances of survival and of meaningful recovery for the affected individuals in emergencies. Often precious time is often lost for emergency services due to traffic, especially at traffic intersections. What we propose is a dynamic solution to the problem, as mentioned earlier, using an intelligent network of smart traffic lights, which all turn green in anticipation of an approaching emergency vehicle, thus providing unhindered passage to it. Further, so as to facilitate the implementation of the logic as mentioned above in non-smart traffic networks, an embedded wireless system based hardware solution is proposed to convert existing autonomous traffic light systems into a networked one.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

There is no automatic system is implemented in both the traffic system as well as in the toll gate system. All the system so far in existence is of the standard interface.

PROPOSED WORK

The base paper’s concept is taken as an idea for our implementation; Our proposed work is to implement the same concept to avoid time-wasting in the signals for the emergency vehicle but using Zigbee as the concept. The main advantage of using Zigbee is an extended range of communication. Messages can be migrated to green mode even the vehicle comes in the long-range. IR is used for Vehicle count, and Zigbee is used for controlling the Signals. Apart from this work, we also deploy Zigbee based toll gate payment automation system in this project. Payment is taken automatically from the vehicle owner’s account, and even the vehicle comes from the long-range from the toll gate. The vehicle owner needs to provide two reports. The amount would be taken from the first account. If there is no sufficient balance, then the amount would be taken from the second account automatically. We also deploy Android applications for the best route as well as for the toll payment system.

SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

SOFTWARE:

• Windows 2008
• Java SDK
• Embedded C
• MYSQL
• Android SDK

HARDWARE:

• IR sensors
• Zigbee sensors
• PIC Microcontroller
• LEDs for traffic lights