Socialization Nature vs Nurture
When we talk about Nature and nurture, we mean two different approaches to human behaviours. Nature implies, social action owed to genetics rather than upbringing, which is love and care that we grow up. For twin related studies have led mostly towards the nature side, especially those of identical twins (Cooley, 2017). It is occasional to find identical twins separated at birth developing same interests, pursuing similar careers or having a similar sense of each other’s feelings. Like in the case of Lewis and Jim spring, two twin brothers in 1979 were separated and first met 39 years later. Similar results collected were both smoked cigar, drunk beer, suffered from migraines and had the same taste of cars. Nature has a significant influence on human behaviour that has comprehensively studied in psychology. This study shows that social and anti-social behaviours are traits that are inheritable in some instances and situations.
What we can term as “Self” is that image individual holds about themselves. According to Charles Cooley, in his theory, a person’s “self” is developed through interactions with other people in the society or rather what we think other people view as us. The “looking glass self” is a three-phase process which is:
- Based on how People imagine how they appear to others.
- Based on how other people would judge their appearance and response to what they feel.
- How we use our standpoints to develop the “self” through other’s judgment of them.
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The dramaturgical approach is a sociology standpoint which begins from our daily human interaction, and it’s dependent upon the elements of place, time, and what audience is surrounding us. At the front stage, is where the individual or actor’s behaviour can be explained via a generalized way and sticking to the convention that is meaningful to the audience? Goffman’s idea, that the self is an impression management effect that comes from the immediate conscious or subconscious by being the directors who observe what is going on in the drama of our daily life. At the backstage, the actors are free to do all that jazz they please without alarm. Whatever is bottled-up in the front stage can be released at the backstage. By doing so, they can control what information to discharge during social interaction.
Agents of socialization are family, school, media and peers, work, churches, media, communities and other everyday places. Conventionally, schools are the places to gain and advance our knowledge and learn life skills and rules. At school, gender role socialization is widespread for the reason that it fortifies the splits of our society such as the regulation of dressing code among the male and female students (Ritzer & Murphy, 2019). The same case of championing more women to pursue anything they want in life as their male counterparts in terms of education, business and even career. Technology also is another socialization influencer, and the process is dramatical. Society is getting more and more hemmed in the various forms of communication technology. Shy people can express their idea through words. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are making interactions broader and more convenient, giving our generation the chance of spreading ideas and learning from others anywhere on the globe.
Total institutions are places of residence or work area which are isolated, bounded, properly systematized social systems that live the people of a similar situation and conditional. The total institution serves to control these people’s lives from residence to work. Goffman identifies the four traits as; 1prisons to segregate a set of people for the welfare of society, mental hospitals for those people feeling threatened by outside community, orphanages established to take care of incapable people and schools determined to build a better place for career growth. A degradation ceremony is purposely put in place to deprive individual’s past character and even self-esteem to make one accustomed to the control of the total institution(Goffman,2017).
Societies have different ways of dealing with the elderly population due to distinct cultural differences. Some go for extreme care of the elderly, some are into the elderly living in assistive retirement homes, and others neglect them totally (Peerenboom, 2015). Activity theory suggests that the elderly continue to be active and socially involved, providing them with some better quality of life while the disengagement theory believes that the society and elderly mutually end their relationship. Increased communication among the elderly peers and the able, creation of new programs that can aid in bridging the gap amid the two generations, we can potentially decrease ageism.
References
Cooley, C. H. (2017). Human Nature and the social order. Routledge.
Goffman, E. (2017). Interaction ritual: Essays in face-to-face behaviour. Routledge.
Peerenboom, L., Collard, R. M., Naarding, P., & Comijs, H. C. (2015). The association between
depression and emotional and social loneliness in older persons and the influence of social support, cognitive functioning and personality: A cross-sectional study. Journal of affective disorders, 182, 26-31.
Ritzer, G., & Murphy, W. W. (2019). Introduction to sociology. SAGE Publications,
Incorporated.