various pains in imprisonment
The key concepts that are linked to the various pains in imprisonment include the potential for violence (Listwan et al. 2013). Construction of select housing units has thus enhanced the safety of prison staff and other inmates from the rogue and aggressive prisoners. Another reason is racial profiling, which is stereotyping on the grounds of religion, ancestry, color, or race rather than investigated proofs. Besides confinement and ‘rehabilitation,’ it is said that imprisonment has become a vicious cycle majorly for the poor. The reason is that first, the system does not give the inmates an opportunity that made them commit the crime. Secondly, nothing seems to prepare the inmates for re-entry into society. For sure, the criminal justice system needs to be concerned with the long term effects of imprisonment because they result in specific inherent life problems (Winterdyk & Rundell 2010).
To the surprise, many of the arrests in the US are not because of a threat to public safety, neither severe violent offenses. These arrests are violations of the traffic of conditions for probation, drunkenness, theft, or even drug charges. In my opinion, if the probation were to be followed correctly without stringent requirements on the prisoner, the lengths and number of imprisonments would significantly reduce. Many local agencies coordinate the probations process in America. These agencies are funded either by the local tax revenue or the state. Many prisoners have been in and out of jail about three or four times in a year. Some officials have termed these groups of people as frequently utilizers the local jails (Story 2016). No single country seems to be doing great in terms of probation.
Nevertheless, that is not to say more efforts need not be invested. Initially, evaluation on the effectiveness of probation saw the need for community supervision programs. However, recently, there are mixed results as a sizeable number have failed to exit them successfully, returning to prison instead.
References
Listwan, S. J., Sullivan, C. J., Agnew, R., Cullen, F. T., & Colvin, M. (2013). The pains of imprisonment revisited: The impact of strain on inmate recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 30(1), 144-168.
Winterdyk, J., & Ruddell, R. (2010). Managing prison gangs: Results from a survey of US prison systems. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 730-736.
Story, B. (2016). The prison in the city: Tracking the neoliberal life of the “million-dollar block.” Theoretical Criminology, 20(3), 257-276.