The understanding of adaptive responses

The understanding of adaptive responses

Introduction

The understanding of adaptive responses entails the changes with the brain activities which are designed to maintain homeostasis and the performance of the body where possible. Further, these responses also enable the body to create various adaptive reactions to manage any possibility of attacks by diseases, bacteria and viruses. The reaction of alteration of the body often takes different shape depending on the type of attack it receives (Huether & McCance, 2017). Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology, cases of alterations as well as the adaptive responses from the patients to changes in disease should be determined from the case scenarios presented. Additionally, a map mind on one of the situations will also be highlighted accordingly.

The first scenario

In this case, a patient, Jennifer, who is two years old female, was brought to the hospital by her mother for evaluation of her condition. The presented issue was as a result of increased temperature, which has experienced over the past three years. Besides, she also has undergone assessment for her throat, which indicated erythema, 4+ tonsils and the diffuse of exudates. The vital signs also uncover a temperature of about 102.8oFa respiratory rate beats at 24 per minute and a pulse of 128beats per minute. Notably, these complaints and symptoms indicate a possibility of tonsils as the condition which affects the patient (Pribuišienė, Šarauskas, Kuzminienė & Uloza, 2015). Substantially, this is because the common signs and symptoms for viral tonsillitis consist of pain on swallowing, sore throat, erythema the cervical lymph nodes and causes of sore throat. The pathophysiology of tonsillitis can be described out of the inflammation of tonsillar tissues with the most vital signs indicating the common signs and symptoms (Huether & McCance, 2017).

Second scenario

In this case, a 27-year-old male engineer, jack came to the clinic and presented with redness and aggravation of his hands. Further, the patient reports having never experienced this issue before, although it began two weeks ago. Jack is also denying having allergies or pain, but he complaints to be feeling a bit of hotness to some cases. Besides, as an engineer, he may have exposure to dangerous chemicals. This is proved by his hands which is red as well as the feeling of a light bit hot. These are interpretive signs for irritant dermatitis which are caused by prolonged exposure of chemicals. The pathophysiology, in this case, entails the possible irritation when an individual exposed to such chemicals (Cork, Eckert, Simpson, Armstrong, Barbarot, Puig, & Remitz, 2019). Mainly this, in turn, causes skin damage to the epidermal cells and inflammation. Inflammation, therefore, leads to the second line of defence consist of presenting as redness, heat, as well as swelling, pain and sometimes of function.

Third scenario

Martha, who is a 65-year-old woman recently retired, is suffering from hypertension. The medical history of her condition has been under control with medication (HCTZ) while she was still working. There are also cases of insomnia, and racing heartbeats as well as the loss of the appetite which are reported. Additionally, some of the changes which might affect her consist of recent retirement as well as her aged mother moving in with her to recover from a fall. These changes which have occurred and symptoms she is having can indicate a diagnosis of stress response affecting her. Besides, her body also undergoes a general adaptation syndrome in situations where she is subjected to stress. The understanding of the pathophysiology of the stress response is critical in determining the existing interdependent processes. Substantially, there are possibilities of moderations experienced under such circumstances that consist of intensity and duration of the stressors as well as coping up with efficacy of the affected person. As a result, these lead to the development of the psychological and physiological response to stress (Bryant, Creamer, O’Donnell, Forbes, McFarlane, Silove & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2017). More importantly, it is also essential to understand that causes of stress can be linked to life changes experienced by a patient. In this case scenario, it is evident that the retirement and the fall of Martha’s mother were some of the life changes, which led to changes in the development of stress.

In general, these case scenarios have provided vivid evidence regarding the understanding of the pathophysiology of different conditions and their adaptive responses among different individuals. The changes experienced mainly correlated to the signs and symptoms of various diseases, which was critical to assist in the diagnosis process.