Psychosis, Depression, and Diabetes in Mental Health

Psychosis, Depression, and Diabetes in Mental Health

Introduction

In mental health, depression, diabetes, and psychosis relate to one another. The diagnosis of one condition might lead to the other. The paper explores specific issues concerned and why the matter is significant. It also outlines current approaches or best practices in mental health treatment, linking to the role of the nurse practitioner in the process of medication. The paper also delves into the health professionals involved in the procedures of depression, diabetes, and psychosis condition. It also offers best practices, legal, and polices employed in mental health treatment.

Case Study

Mr. Jackson is a 46 years old engineer. He has come to the hospital, escorted with his brother, Mr. James, complaining of migraines and lack of concentration in his work. He says that the concentration span at his workplace has reduced. By history, he reveals that he is a single dad taking care of two daughters without their mum. His wife divorced him two years ago over family issues. He tried reaching out to marriage counselors, but their problem could not be solved.  He has diabetes and has, for the past, been on medication. He is dejected and depressed owing to his situation. Later, Mr. Jackson was diagnosed with depression, diabetes, and psychosis. He agreed to commence the treatment immediately.

Explore the specific issue/group you are concerned about, and why it is an issue – definitions, statistics, impact on the individual/ group with reference

Psychosis, depression, and diabetes affect most of the people with mental health. Overall, the ailments are prone to individuals in their tender ages and the aged equally.  Psychosis is a condition that influences how the brain of individual processes information; the situation makes a person lose touch with the realities (Yamasaki et al., 2019). When not appropriately managed in the early stages, then it can be challenging to get the conditions controlled in an advanced phase.  A person can hear, see, and or rather believe in things that are not genuine. It is a symptom but not an illness. The mental illness, extreme stress, substance abuse, or trauma might lead to this symptom (Mishu et al., 2019) Young people often experience the sign but the doctors know it as to why it happens. Depression is a mental disease characterised by persistent sad moods or rather hopeless sentiments. It is taken to be a mood disorder since it leads to the disruption of spirit (Jaworski et al., 2019). Thus, it causes changes in the manner in which an individual thinks, perceives, and feels his relationships and environment. When an individual suffers from this disorder, all life aspects get influenced as of the case of Mr. Jackson.  Depression disorder causes essential hardness in the functioning of the body. The capability for Mr. Jackson performs everyday duties has been impaired ultimately.

Available data has it that about 16 million people in the United Kingdom face disorders related to depression (Gohar et al., 2019). It is the leading disability agent in the UK. The disease is shared with people of the ages 15-44 years, with women leading amongst those suffering from the disorder. One the other hand, diabetes is an altering event when an individual has been diagnosed with the condition (Witek, Kowalska & Adamska, 2019). Whether it is type 1 or 2, it shows that there exist changes in the lifestyle of an individual. Both diabetes and depression lead to the psychosis condition in mental illness. Mr. Jackson from history has shown to be having both diabetes and depression. Diabetes and depression are closely related. For those diagnosed with the mental illness condition in the UK, 40 percent of exhibit characteristics of being diabetic and depressed (Christ-Crain et al., 2019). When the opportunistic diseases allowed to advance with no care taken, then it becomes for one to have the conditions controlled.

Current approaches/best practices for an area of interest (issue/group), linking to the role of the nurse practitioner

Due to the relationship between psychosis, depression, and diabetes in mental health, most people fail to distinguish the three conditions. If an individual has diabetes, irrespective of the type, then such a person has a higher risk of developing psychosis and depression. When one is depressed, then there exists a higher chance of a person developing diabetes type 2. However, depression and diabetes can be treated jointly (Doyle, 2018). For my case study, Jackson should undertake joint treatment for all the conditions to improve the impacts he might have had in advance stages.

Additionally, effective management of these conditions might bear a positive impact on the other. One is left thinking about how these conditions are associated. Even though the association between depression and diabetes is never comprehended fully, management of diabetes might be stressful, leading to depression symptoms. Diabetes may bring about health problems and complications, which might worsen depression symptoms. Also, depression can bring about poor decisions on the lifestyles such as less exercise, unhealthy eating weight gain, and smoking. All these are risk factors that might bring about diabetes. Depression, diabetes, and psychosis influence the capability of an individual to execute duties, think, and communicate clearly. This may cause interference with the capacity to manage diabetes successfully. These are some of the best practices which I employed to assuage diabetes, depression, and psychosis for Mr. Jackson:

Self-management programs for the conditions. The plan for managing diabetes, depression, and psychosis often puts more focus on the behaviors. The programs helped improve their metabolic control, increasing their level of fitness, management of cardiovascular risks, and managing weight loss. The programs similarly assisted in enhancing the well-being sense as well as life quality standards led by Mr. Jackson after two weeks. In the self- management program, a qualified nurse should give directives to make the process a success. The success of an application relies on practical approaches put in place for the treatment course.

Psychotherapy– the psychotherapy participants, especially those in cognitive-behavioral therapies, have, for the past time, shown improvements in depression, diabetes, and other related disorders. Psychotherapies for Mr. Jackson resulted in better management of depression, diabetes, and psychosis.

Collaborative care – Mr. Jackson attained treatment supervised by nurses from different specialties. The process assisted in the reduction of diabetes, depression, and psychosis. Nurses helped in setting therapies that were needed to improve his conditions. This form of care might never be made available when nurses are absent within the health care system.

Lifestyle changes and medications – for both depression and diabetes, drugs often differ. The changes in lifestyle, including various forms of therapy, might assist in improving these conditions. I advised Mr. Jackson to change his mind about taking medication. I took part in the administration of these processes owing to the acquaintance I have concerning the conditions. Watching for the signs and symptoms of diabetes, depression, and psychosis can be easier on the side of nurses. Losing interests in usual activities, sentiments of hopelessness or sadness, and physical tribulations, which can never be explained, are only necessary when managed by nurses. It is significant for one to seek assistance in case depression, diabetes, and psychosis characteristics appear. I later referred Mr. Jackson to a psychologist for further assistance on counseling.  When no health expert is involved, then Mr. Jackson might have suffered silently for lack of support.

Critique and application/justification of the most appropriate approach

Interventions of collaborative care are a practical approach to managing psychosis, depression, and diabetes. Diabetes, depression, and psychosis are the prevalent chronic ailments that frequently occur to people with mental health problems globally. About 20 percent of patients having diabetes often meet criteria for diagnostic for psychosis and depression. Patients who have diabetes often have depressed instances. They have reduced control of glycated hemoglobin, low adherence to diets, complexities in exercising as well as taking medications. However, depression cases have increased the development of risks of diabetes. The outcomes of adverse diabetes conditions like the complications of microvascular and macrovascular are rampant with the people having a mental illness. More often, patients having depression, psychosis, and diabetes are managed poorly in their primary care. Nurses handling the case of Jackson must be equipped with all the requisite skills. In cases where nurses have insufficient acquaintance concerning the patient’s ailments, then the sick would never receive appropriate treatment.

Depression is related to the failures of detecting and diagnosing diabetic patients. Also, diabetes weakens the effectiveness of treating depression (Tranter & Robertson (2019). The care for depression and psychosis needs to be enhanced, particularly those having diabetes and vice versa. Primary responsibility is the principal method used in treating diabetes, psychosis, and depression. This is where patients are required to take medications like antidepressants and oral hypoglycemic.

Nevertheless, depressed patients having diabetes are likely to have concerns and problems with medications. They might fear the side effects of taking drugs and addictions as compared to patients with no depression. Traditional psychological interventions have failed to improve both mental and physical health outcomes for diabetic and depressed patients (Loeb et al., 2019). A new model has been devised to be coordinating care management within the primary practices-collaborative care. Collaborative care refers to coordinated care models that involve multidisciplinary health experts. It includes the incorporation of primary physicians and health professionals such as psychologists, nurses, and psychiatrists. The care similarly entailed structured patient care for the management plan, which promotes non-pharmacological and pharmacological inventions.

The nurses should schedule follow-ups for the patients during the collaborative care sessions. There should be improved inter-professional communications amongst the professional teams. Nowadays, the model has attracted the interest of healthcare experts worldwide due to its effectiveness in attaining particular clinical enhancements as well as its benefits it has on public health. Collaborative care has assisted in improving diabetes and depression control (Adepoju, 2019). Also, collaborative care is deemed to be working for integrated interventions, which will enhance depression, psychosis, and diabetes results. For that matter, collaborative care should improve the outcomes of depression, diabetes, and psychosis for the affected patients. The care process is related to antidepressant medication adherence. Collaborative care is the appropriate model that is likely to assist in solving challenges faced by most of the physicians during the process of primary care (Pols et al., 2018). The process helps in improving the rate of adherence amongst the depressed patient having diabetes. The effects of remission rates on depression for collaborative care are usually eliminated at the follow-up stage. Overall, the collaborative care application improved the outcomes in the treatment for Mr. Jackson, who had depression, diabetic, and psychosis symptoms. The model made Mr. Jackson adhere to medications. For that matter, collaborative care is approved models for patients suffering from diabetic, depression, and psychosis conditions. Thus, it is the most appropriate approach in managing the requirements, as discussed (Tranter & Robertson, 2019). Healthcare professionals should take the model seriously to reduce depression, diabetic, and psychosis disorders in mental health.

Explore the involvement of the person, their family/carers and the variables that may be of concern

In mental health, the patients’ families and carers get involved in the treatment. Whether it is depression, diabetes, or psychosis, the initial episode happens to an individual staying with the families (McInnerney et al., 2019). These conditions are common with persons who are in their early twenties or teens. Even if an individual has turned old, the illness distress the family members thus affecting them. Therefore, they find it suitable to get involved in the treatment of an individual. Also, mental illness bears ripple impacts on families and carers. This creates tensions, uncertainties with the emotional changes in which they live their lives. Different people get affected by various approaches. The effects on families are occasionally never acknowledged by the health care experts. Most of the time, families assume their care roles daily. This happens when little training and support are issued to them. If the families get involved as partners in the care process, then there would be robust evidence that such a method would lead to excellent outcomes in the end (Davis, Deane & Lyons, 2019). At times, health professionals might fail to listen to the families of the patient. In such instances, patient confidentiality might be provided inappropriately, bringing doubts on the care process.

Nevertheless, family members form the primary support for the treatment of depression, diabetes, and psychosis. Families of patients with mental illness are handled as ‘partners in care.’ Families are required to offer information regarding the disease as well as already provided treatment. Mr. James was present in all the processes Mr. Jackson underwent. Health professionals have various tasks to perform in achieving effective care for these patients.

To begin with, they should be talking things over with the affected individuals together with other members of the family (Martin, Shrestha, Burton, Collins & Wyld, 2019). The patients should ensure that everyone understands and the position he undertakes. Nurses should establish training areas in which family carers should be given to assist in improving the condition of the patient. Joining support groups should be taken into consideration to meet the stand of medication provided. People with the illness should be encouraged to get involved in the treatment process. A person should be considered as a whole. Nurses should take into consideration that the patients have a similar range of sexual, emotional, and personal needs, just like any other person. Thus, their interests must be taken into consideration. In case of any suicidal thoughts, family members and patients should feel free to discuss such issues with the health professionals. The crisis number should be handy. Family members should plan appropriately when to seek health care services. This should be communicated to the patient and various steps on legal and financial issues taken into considerations to ensure appropriate care takes place.

It is the family members who should seek treatment for the patient. When a patient is responding well to antidepressants given, then such, for instance, the family carers should encourage the patients to continue undertaking the drugs (Field, Coates & Mountain, 2019). Several attempts on medications should be tried before reaching the appropriate prescription to be used for treatment. This needs patience, as some drugs might require body adjustments to assist in patient recuperation. It is the family carers who may give details on inherited characters, which might be hindering response to drugs. In some instances, when necessary, the outcomes on the genetic tests might provide clues concerning how the patient is likely to respond to certain medications (Livingston et al., 2019). However, genetic variables might influence medication response. The provided information can assist health professionals in getting appropriate drugs to be used during the treatment process.

Consideration of best practice, policy, and legal obligations

It is the family carers who can know that the patient has stopped taking anti-depressant drugs abruptly without getting appropriate advice from the doctor (Kirby, 2019). Antidepressant medications are never addictive. However, physical dependence on these drugs might bring about addictive nature for patients. When the patient halt taking drugs abruptly, then the depression and diabetic levels might increase, worsening the condition. Family carers should work closely with the doctor to improve the state of the patient.  There should appropriate relationships between inpatient and health professionals (Orchard et al., 2019). The family carers must be included to provide useful information concerning the patient. Hospital care is a variable, which must be continuously checked for the proper treatment of the patient. Perceived poor communication amongst the family carers and doctors or nurses is interpreted to worsen the condition of the patient. During the care process and treatment, expectations might be unrealistic, making some health services unmet. However, when there are appropriate communications, there would be hyper-vigilant monitoring of the patient. All the care stages should be assessed carefully to a better relationship between the family carers, patients, and health professionals through proactive communication (DuPaul & Franklin, 2019).

Creating awareness of various diseases like depression, diabetic, and psychosis is the best practice that should be practiced by health professionals. Knowledge makes people informative on various health dangers which affect their life. Training sessions should be created to make the attendees comprehend the significance of wellbeing and mental health issues (Mezzina, Rosen, Amering & Javed, 2019). The attendees should be in a better position to support persons struggling with mental illness issues. Also, those attending the training should understand ways in which they can use to handle various situations and what steps to be taken in conducting appropriate medication procedures for patients.

Several improvements have been made on the management of mental health issues. This has led to the legislation changes, which are often followed by the pertinent initiatives of polices. The government should provide regulatory policies, which promote the treatment of mental illness and ensuring that these people access appropriate

However, in the treatment process, it is necessary for family carers and health professionals to be versed in the anti-discrimination legislation. The inclusion of anti-discrimination law has been an essential approach to enhance mental health amongst the patients (Campbell & Manktelow, 2019). Care providers should uphold the fundamental principles of human rights by committing themselves to avoid discrimination tendencies when offering care to patients.

Explore the role of different professionals involved in the person’s care

These are some of the professionals involved in the care of Mr. Jackson, who was diagnosed with depression, diabetic, and psychosis condition:

Doctors and nurses- these are entailed to the support and medication of the patient. Initially, when a patient gets admitted, it is the nurse who gets full information from the patient.  A nurse records all the characteristics of the ailments presented by the patient before passing such data to the doctor in charge (Yoon & Steele, 2012). The person shall be required to undertake medical reviews while in the hospital. To reduce the future risk of diabetes, the doctor and nurse manage present symptoms presented. Nurses in the hospital ward play essential roles in caring and comforting individuals with depression and diabetes. The doctors and nurses often work with therapists who provide advice on the present rehab objectives.

Physiotherapists – these are the professionals reviewing movements of an individual immediately on their hospital admissions (Moore, Britten, Lydahl, Naldemirci Elam & Wolf, 2017). The first evaluation is evaluated on the capacity to complete transfers. When the admitted person is unable to move, then the physiotherapist might consider offering the patient the walking aids.

Dietician – at times, the dieticians are needed to assess nutrition levels as well as diet regulations of the depressed and diabetic persons. In case an individual fail to eat, the dietician shall assist in figuring out the calories one needs to stay in an appropriate weight. Also, for diabetic persons, the dietician will advise good diets suitable for such persons. Additionally, advice can be given according to food consumption, which can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels (Lawn et al., 2009).

Social workers – these offer mental health services in support of prevention, diagnosis, as well as treating depression, diabetes, psychosis, and other psychiatric diseases (Phillips et al., 2015). These specialists aim to promote and maintain the social, psychological, and physical functioning of the body.

Psychologists – these are the experts trained to do counseling, psychotherapy as well as psychological testing. They are not allowed to prescribe medicines for the patients since they are not doctors. However, they can provide appropriate information to the doctors upon counseling the patient. More often, depressed patients need to be advised before undertaking any treatment measures. The counseling process reveals what the patient is undergoing and some hidden problems leading to depression (Pickard, Jacobs & Kirk, 2003). A psychologist can know whether the patient is planning some evil things or not.

The proposed plan of care and support concerning the evidence review

Healthy eating- to deal with diabetes and depression, Mr. Jackson was advised to aim at a well-balanced diet (Lin et al., 2004). His menu should incorporate fruits, vegetables, complex carbohydrates, and protein with low-fat content. Also, it is advisable to reduce using foods that can affect your brain and mood adversely (Egede & Ellis, 2010). Foods having high levels of chemical preservatives should be avoided at all costs. Mr. Jackson was informed never to skip a meal as going longer between the might bring about bearish sentiments and tiredness. It is recommended for one to eat something every three hours. Also, for diabetes, sugary foods with refined carbs should be avoided (Lorig, Ritter, Villa, & Armas, 2009). The focus should be placed on complex carbohydrates. Foods like oatmeal, baked potatoes, whole grain, and whole-wheat pasta can boost levels of serotonin with no crash (Leme, Philippi, Thompson, Nicklas & Baranowski, 2019).

Additionally, goalmouth should be on boosting vitamins in the body. Thus, it was recommended for Mr. Jackson to eat more leafy greens, brown rice, bananas, beans, chicken, and eggs, among others (Wang et al., 2019). For a stable mood, omega-3 fatty acids should be administered. Oily fish like mackerel, sardines, herring, anchovies, and salmon are also better mood boosters for a depressed person (Stanszus, Frank & Geiger, 2019).

Conclusion

Depression, diabetes, and psychosis are related to diseases. In mental health, appropriate care should be undertaken to make these conditions not to escalate to other illness. Health professionals such as doctors, nurses, psychologist, and social workers should join hands in kicking out these disorders in our societies. However, in the treatment process, family carers should be involved. During treatment, effective legal and care policies should be put into use for the successful treatment of patients.

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