Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhash Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) is a legendary leader of India’s independence struggle. He is better known as Netaji. Subhas Chandra was elected the President of the Indian National Congress twice. But he had to resign to express his views against the ideological conflict with Mahatma Gandhi and the open criticism of the Congress’s foreign and internal policies. Subhas Chandra believed that Mahatma Gandhi’s nonviolence and satyagraha policy were not enough to bring India independence. Because of this, he chose the path of armed struggle. Subhas Chandra established a political party called the Forward Block and demanded full and immediate independence of India from British rule. He imprisoned by eleven British authorities. His famous quote “You give me blood, I will give you freedom.” Even after World War II announced, his ideology had not changed; Rather, he sees this war as an opportunity to exploit the weaknesses of the British. At the outbreak of the war, he left India in secret and travelled to the Soviet Union, Germany and Japan to assist the British in attacking India. With the help of the Japanese, he rebuilt the Azad Hind Fauj and later led. The soldiers of this force were mainly Indian prisoners of war and the British were working in Malay, Singapore and other parts of South Asia. With the financial, political, diplomatic and military support of Japan, he established the exiled Azad Hind government. He led the Azad Hind Fauj, waging war against the British Allies in Imphal and Brahman (present-day Myanmar). Some historians and politicians have criticized Subhas Chandra for his Alliance with the Nazis and other warring forces against the British; Even some have accused him of being sympathetic to Nazi ideology.

However, sympathized with his pioneering social and political ideology, citing his advertisement as a sign of realpolitik. It should be noted that where the Congress Committee voted in favour of Indian dignity or Dominion status, Subhash Chandra first voted for India’s full independence. Jawaharlal Nehru and other young leaders supported him. Finally, in the historic Lahore session of the National Congress, the Congress was obliged to utilize the full swaraj policy. Angry at the hanging of Bhagat Singh and the failure of the Congress leaders to save his life, the anti-Subhash Chandra Gandhi-Arwin movement started an anti-agitation movement. He was imprisoned and deported from India. When he returned to India after breaking the ban, he was again imprisoned.

Biography

Early life

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897, in Cuttack (Odia Bazar) in the present state of Odisha. He was ninth among the fourteen children of Janakinath Basu, a prominent Bengali lawyer, and a 14-year-old goddess of influence. Until the sixth grade, Subhash Chandra studied in an English school in Cuttack; The school currently named Stuart School. Subhas Chandra Bose was then admitted to Ravensh Collegiate School at Cuttack in Kolkata. Subhash Chandra was a talented student. He took first place from Calcutta in the Matriculation Examination in 1911. In 1918, Kolkata University passed the BA examination with honours in philosophy from the affiliated Scottish Church College. Subhash Chandra then went on to pursue higher studies at Phys William Hall, Cambridge University. He almost recruited to get good marks in the civil service exam. But he rejected the appointment with a revolutionary conscious attitude. In this regard, he said, “The best way to declare the end of a government is to withdraw [himself] from it.” It was during this time that the Amritsar massacre and the repressive Rowlatt Act of 1919 angered Indian nationalists. Back in India, Subhash Chandra started writing in the newspaper Swaraj and appointed in charge of promoting the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee. His political guru was Chittaranjan Das, the patron of the fierce nationalism of Bengal. When Deshbandhu was elected Mayor of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation in 1924, Subhas Chandra served under it. In 1925, he was imprisoned along with other nationalists and deported to Mandalay. Here he was suffering from tuberculosis. Subhash Chandra was a devout Hindu. He spent a lot of time for meditation. Swami Vivekananda’s ideology inspired him. From the student body, he was known for his patriotic reputation.

career and politics

In almost twenty years, Subhash Chandra was arrested 11 times in total. He kept in various places in India and Rangoon. Subhas Chandra Bose deported to Europe in 1930. In 1934, he met his first love, Emily Schenkel, in Vienna. They were married in 1937 in Bad Gastein. After the death of his father, the British government allowed him to come to Calcutta for a while only to observe religious rituals. In 1938, he was elected President of the Indian Congress in opposition to Gandhi. In 1939, he was elected President of the Congress in Tripura for the second time. In this election, Gandhi supported Pattavi Sitaramaya; After hearing the results of the election, Gandhi said, “Puttavir’s rate is my rate”. But even though he was victorious, he could not perform properly. Gandhi’s followers were hampering his work. Govinda Ballav proposed at this time that “the Executive Council should be restructured”. Thus, although Subhas Chandra Bose won the election, he was asked to submit his resignation as a result of Gandhi’s opposition; Otherwise, all members of the executive committee will resign. For this reason, he resigned from the Congress and formed the All India Forward Block. In 1938, he proposed the National Planning Council.

World War II

Subhash Chandra Bose suggested that when the British would allow the independence of Indians, they should not be seated – to benefit from the political turmoil of World War II. He believed that India’s independence depended on the political, military and diplomatic support of other countries. So he took the initiative to build a military base for India.

Disappearance episode

Subhash Chandra Bose was not satisfied with India’s participation in World War II. At that time, Subhash Chandra Bose was in house arrest. Subhash Chandra realized that the British would not abandon him before the war. So he decided to flee Germany through Afghanistan and the Soviet Union, leaving two cases pending. But Subhas Chandra Bose did not understand the Pashto language of Afghanistan and took with him the leader of the Northwest Frontier Province, Mia Akbar Shah. Since he did not know Pashto, he feared that the Afghans might consider him a British character. Therefore, on the advice of Mia Akbar Shah, he introduced himself to the inhabitants as deaf and dumb. From there, Subash Bose went to Moscow to meet an Italian citizen called ‘Count Orlando Mazzotta’. From Moscow to Rome, he arrived in Germany. Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Free India Center in Berlin. He sought the help of German Chancellor Adolf Hitler for India’s independence. But Hitler’s indifference to India’s independence broke his morale. As a result, Subhash Bose left Germany in 1943. A German submarine takes him to a Japanese submarine at the bottom of the sea, from where he arrives in Japan. Meanwhile, under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, the dictators like Hitler-Tojo also bowed their heads towards the Alliance. His ideas inspired leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh, Surya Sen, Bhagat Singh of India and poets like Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam. Netaji became the grandson of all Indians.

Indian National Army

The Indian National Army was formed initially in the hands of nationalist leader Ras Bihari Bose. In 1943, Ras Bihari Bose transferred the responsibility of the army to Subhas Chandra Bose. It had about 85,000 troops, with a separate women’s force (Rani Lakshmibai Combat). The authority of this force was in the hands of the Provincial Government, named “Provincial Government of Free India” (Arjee Hukumt-e-Azad Hind). This government had its own courts, currency, and laws. 9 Axis powers accept this government. The INA troops help the Japanese in the battle of Arakan and Mektila. Subhash Chandra Bose hoped that a large number of soldiers would join the INA after hearing the news of the INA attack on the British. But this is not the case. On the contrary, as the war situation worsened, Japan began to withdraw its troops from the INA. At the same time, the money supply from Japan declined. Finally, with the Japanese surrender, the INA surrendered. In 1934, Subhas Chandra became seriously ill while in prison in Mandalay, Burma (now Myanmar). The British government agreed to release him on one condition that he could be released if he travelled abroad without touching any part of India. Subhas Chandra bose plans to go to Europe and reach Vienna. In retirement after two years of treatment, he decided to write two books, his autobiography ‘Indian Pilgrim’ and ‘India’s Struggle for Freedom’. At that time, Emily Schenkel, an Austrian woman, assisted in typing her manuscript, who would later become her secretary. This is Emily Schenkel’s subsequent romance and its conclusion. One of their daughters, Anita Bose Puff. Emily Schenkel never came to India, but he always had good communication and good relations with the larger Basu family and Netaji’s associates. He died in 1996. Anita Basu puff has visited India several times on his father’s land. She is an economist by profession, her husband Martin Puff is a former member of the German parliament. They have two sons and one daughter.