Full Sedentary, Semi-Sedentary, and Non-Sedentary groups

Full Sedentary, Semi-Sedentary, and Non-Sedentary groups

12,000 years ago, people started trading with one another as well as cultivating farmland. In case the land supported farming and hunting, people built permanent dwellings as well as starting communities. In case they failed to get good land, they kept on moving.

The period was dominated by three different groups of people namely the fully sedentary group of people who had permanent dwellings, the semi-sedentary group of people who moved after every few years and lastly the non-sedentary group of fully migratory people.

The fully sedentary group of people was completely based on intensive agriculture. Therefore this is where we find some complex way of cultivating beginning with maize, then squash and products of that kind. The fully sedentary people have stable villages and towns precisely because they can stay on the ground and carry out cultivation activities. Later on, the fully sedentary group of people would create civilizations of the Inca of South America and the Aztec of Meso-America. The Semi- sedentary group, just like the Eastern Woodland Indian cultures also built communities and villages but to some level, there was some difference. They kept on migrating after some years.  Having a look at another group the semi-sedentary group, they do not take part in intensive agriculture but only shifted around their limited territory over some years. Based on this, they used part of their territory up to a total of four to five years before they move to another one.

Non-Sedentary groups just as the people of the Midwest followed food source patterns. For instance, they would trail buffalo herds. The non-sedentary group comprised of camps and are mostly based on hunting as well as gathering. With this, they practiced seasonal moving in a territory. Their patterns of migration and settlement were recurrent until explorers discovered North America.

Part two question one

Colonialism was never deemed oppressive when it was being practiced. But upon looking at it, it is an unfair occurrence for the people as they were poorly treated and their land forcefully taken. That was all that colonialism comprised. However, colonialism lasted for long because; The Spanish and Portuguese crowns comprised of limited resources where they dominated the lands minus any form of violence. On the other hand, they made the people in the low class or the bottom to be consent to their inferiority as well as take part in their subjugation. Elsewhere, the colonialism lasted for long as a result of the patriarchy and religious examples whereby the religious examples enslave the Africans while on the other hand, the indigenous people agreed to the catholic truth. On the other hand, the people accepted their status as new believers to the faith and accepted their inferior position to Spaniards.

Additionally, the colonizers accepted some of the traditions and customs which were brought about by the non-Europeans. Lastly, patriarchy made colonialism to last for long due to the father’s rule where the father at home rules a family just as the holy father in Rome. Also, there was Sor Juana Ines who was a nun who joined a convent in Mexico to stop Non-religious actions and approved to giving up her laboratory and library.

Part three question one

The caudillo refers to politico-military leaders who had power on the regional and national levels in Latin  America before the introduction of stable parliamentary governance in the area from 1870. The caudillismo or rather the rule of military strongmen expressed that Latin America was still conservative over the post-colonial period as a major idea. The caudillos were associated with charisma qualities as well as military ability although in most cases they never possessed the features. The caudillo was essential in representing the ideas such as describing the head of uneven forces that ruled politically distinct territories. On the other hand, the caudillo governed the irregular forces using informal systems which were achieved through obedience as well as paternalistic affiliations among the leader who landed in the position through charisma and forceful personality and the subordinates.

Juan Manuel de Rosas of Argentina is a very good example of a well-known caudillo in Latin America. He rose from a cattle ranching family where he started his political career as a soldier. In 1828, he staged a guerilla war against the government what saw him assault Buenos Aires together with his army of peasants and gauchos (cowboys).

Part four question one

The relationship between Latin America and the United States was steady over the 19th century. The United States ventured to influence Latin America politically. The United States put all manufactured commodities in Latin America. There was inevitable and irresistible United States expansion into Latin America. On the other hand, the United States’ expansion rose with the Pan-American Union.

Part five question two

In Brazil, the Military staged a coup d’etat since they were fearful that Goulart would establish a coalition of peasants and workers who would get rid of the confrontation. The moment they staged the coup, the military bypassed rules and laws by making for themselves exceptions. The acts lasted for ten years.

Part six: Reflection

I disagree with the position of the British Government that they went to war to protect British Subjects because England had taken part in the expensive war majorly to increase its wealth and strengthen its empire as opposed to benefiting the American subjects. One of the main concerns of the British government was colonial expansion. This was evident because, in the 18th century, British colonies in North America had become powerful and agitated to expand westwards in the interior of America.

One of the territories that was greatly prized by the British settlers was Ohio Country that was also admired by French. French’s control of this territory could block British from expanding to the west and as a result, the French would surround and pin the British colonies against the coast. The government was urged to take decisive action in the Ohio conflict but they allied themselves with one or more continental forces whose interests were antithetical to the ones of their enemies more so French. This was aimed at turning Britain’s huge financial power to military advantage.

On the other hand, the Ohio country which was located between the thirteen colonies of Britain, as well as France’s New France, saw the two countries clash. The French had sent an expedition from Montreal which started the construction of forts in forts in the upper sides of the Ohio River. On the other hand, the Virginia regiment was sent to aid in the construction of British forts and were driven out by the French force.