Nationality of Unaccompanied Minors Coming to the UK

Nationality of Unaccompanied Minors Coming to the UK

Executive Summary

The number of the nationality of unaccompanied minors coming to the United Kingdom has been on the rise in recent days. There is previous research which got conducted which focused on challenges and the vulnerability which the minors experience when they enter in the UK. These minors struggle when they transit into adulthood in the quest to obtain all the necessary documents which are needed for them to be allowed in the immigration system. In this thesis paper, our focus on unaccompanied minors coming to the United Kingdom. We shall consider the numbers of these minor weekly and yearly in the quest to have a supporting fact on the number of the minors who enter the country at any given period. The main dwelling point will be to consider how the organization could offer much-needed support to the minor in consideration of their background.

Based on the interaction with these unaccompanied minor in the country, it’s very clear that the social network of these people is good. Still, the main problem is the immigration statuses. Most of these kids have a complex background which has affected the integration part while in the country. Assistance to these minors is needed, and the government should ensure that the matters are declared of urgency to ensure these minors have been helped effectivity.

Chapter one: Introduction

• Background

The European Asylum Support Office(EASO) has been issuing a report regarding the number of asylum who are entering Europe and more specifically in the UK. The number has been on the rise in the recent pas creating a lot of social problem among the nation. Each country desires to have a secure nation and strengthen the borders to reduce the number of illegal immigrants. This organization has been tasked to provide the current situation of the minors in the country. Once unaccompanied minor enters in the UK and the relevant authority get notified of such a situation. It would follow to have asylum claims being assessed by the appropriate authority in the country, and this would help the minor to get identified and offered the best assistance. For instance, the Children Social Care department has been tasked with the relevant roles of assessing and meeting the financial, accommodation, also the educational needs of all the minors who are entering the border. For instance, most of these minors when they seek the asylum are either accepted while others are denied which helps them to be granted the temporally leave which allows them to stay in the country until when they are seventeen years old. After this, they are expected to make a new application for the asylums after which they could either be allowed to reside in the country permanently. There is a different organization which are involved with these minors, and there is a need to provide the support which they need while in the country. Most of these victims are a political refugee, and they have endured a lot of torture and hardship. Therefore, there is a need for various people who integrate with children to offer guidance and also encouragement. Despite the availability of the information which relates to these unaccompanied minors in the country, there is still less support which is provided to these minors in the country.

• Objective

The main objective of the study is to identify the nationality of unaccompanied minors coming to the United Kingdom every year. There is a different organization which are there in the country which could offer the support which is needed for children while in the country. For instance, some of these minors come from different background with many experiencing language barriers, while others have psychological challenges. This objective will help to analyze the various way in which these minors could get assisted while in the country by the different organization. At the end of the research, there will be a context which will get enhanced for the various minors who are living in the country. The number continues to increase each year, and therefore there is a need for the proper channel to be made to offer assistance.

• Statement of the problem

The United Kingdom is one of the leading countries which are recording the highest number of unaccompanied minors in Europe. For instance, each year, there are more than 2000 to 3000 children who enter the United Kingdom. These kids don’t have a parent or guardian and who can assist them get asylum. The government provides them with education other supports from the social workers with the bid to have them live a more comfortable life while in the United Kingdom.  In other countries in Europe, they experience a similar number of children according to EASO. There is need for the government to ensure the number of the children in the country which are illegally in the country have been identified and accorded the needed supports to live in the country before considering the available solution.

• Purpose of the study

The purpose of this study is to research the number of unaccompanied minors who are entering the United Kingdom weekly and also yearly. In addition to that, there is a need to ascertain how the organization support these minors according to their background. After identifying the various challenges which the kids’ faces in the country, there is a need for the various organization to offer the best support which is needed to help the kids while in the country. Also, the study will depict the role which is played by the social services workers to these kids who enter the country unaccompanied.

• Significance of the study

The objective of the study is to consider the unaccompanied minors coming into the UK and how the organization could assist these minors in the country. At the end of the study, it will have pointed out the number of the minors seeking for the asylum in the country weekly and also yearly and the various ways in which the organization could offer the support. These results of the study could also be used by the government during planning to aid in the allocation of the resources to the social services in support of these kids. In addition to that, the government can make use of the data and strengthen border security in the country to reduce the number of unaccompanied minors who enter the country.

• Research Hypothesis

The study will seek to find the theoretical support for the hypothesis, which is adopted on the research. The hypothesis states that the number of unaccompanied minors in the country continue to undermine the security measures which the government has enhanced in the boarders. There is a need for the various stakeholder and well-wishers’ organization to be involved in providing the much-needed support to the minors in the country.

• Research Question

The study, while finding the theoretical support to the research question which has been presented in the research, will also seek to find the answer to the following:

1. Does the government need to provide the minors with permanent leave in the country?
2. What is the role of the citizen in ensuring that these minors who are unaccompanied in the country get the assistance?
3. How to strengthen the borders to ensure the number of unaccompanied minors has been reduced?
   • Structure of Report

The paper has been designed to follow the following structure:

Chapter 1: Introduction

This is the introduction part of the dissertation, which include various topics. For instance, it highlights the background of the study, objectives, problem statement, and the scope of the research.

Chapter two: Literature Review

This chapter will comprise of the discussion of the previous studies which have been conducted by various researcher on the same topic. For instance, there is a study which has been proposed, and their result has been adopted, which could be relied upon to identify the gap in the market. Besides that, it will also highlight the key aspects and the evidence which the research could rely upon.

Chapter three: Research Methodology

This chapter will focus on giving an elaboration of the methodology, which will be adopted in the research in the quest to provide all the required information and data to support the thesis.

Finding and Analysis

This chapter is a clear presentation of the key findings which have been highlighted in the research. It will be adopted from the research methodology and also the literature review, which has been conducted in the research.

Conclusion

The conclusion and also the recommendation is drawn from the literature review, which has been highlighted during the research. In addition to that, it will also cover the key aspect which has been highlighted on the research and make all the necessary deduction.

Chapter 2:   Critical Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The problem of the children and young adolescent’s kids migrating and entering the United Kingdom has been there for some time despite the government initiative to seal off all the borders in the country. These issues have been discussed in various platform with many administration expressing their concern about the rise in the number of unaccompanied minors in the country. However, the European Union has not been successful in passing all the necessary and mandatory laws which would help the member state to address the issues amicably. Minors have their rights, and each government is expected to protect these rights, and this makes it difficult for the United Kingdom to ejects these minors who are confiscated in the country.

According to the data which is provided by the UN DSEA, the number of minors who are living in the country rather than their country of birth has increased to 37.9 million in the year 2019. For instance, the rate of the child migrants stands at 14 per cent of the total migrant, which creates a lot of security problems. Additionally, the body state that the number of people who are aged between 15 years to 24 years who are migrating in the countries accounted for 30.9 million.

However, what is evident is that the number of the minor’s migrants varies in the region with most of the children migrating to Europe. The United Kingdom has been receiving a great number of these minors, but the government has been providing accommodation and education to many of these minors as they seek asylum. UN DSEA has been publishing these data publicly to create awareness, but the number has not declined.

This review will first consider the various terminology which is used relating to forced migration. Many kids are in the country due to forced eviction and therefore there is a need to consider the various terms which have been used in the field. In addition to that, the research will also seek to introduce the various asylums- seekers in the country.

2.1 Terms and Condition

An unaccompanied minor get identified and attached to UASC, which is defined by the Home Office as the child who is below the age of seventeen years who enters the country.  Once the kids he gets in the country, he will be identified and will seek asylum in the country where he will be provided with all the supports which he needs. Since the kids do not have a parent or guardian to take care of them, they will seek assistance, and this would enable them to stay and until they get the age of seventeen. In addition to that the term “separated children” or “unaccompanied minors” may be used to defined these kids who enter the country. As this study is concerned with the nationality unaccompanied minors, who enter the UK each year. This term will be used to reflect on the young people who have entered the country due to the various reason which has led them to be evicted in the country of the origin.

2.2 Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children:

In the recent days, the number of the unaccompanied minor which have been making the asylum application has been increasing for the past few years which is a clear indication of the number of the minors who are in the country. For instance, in the year 2014, there were more than 5,000 applications which were made by children in the country who have been in the country for some time unaccompanied. Most of these kids who are in the country are below the ages, and they have been confirmed by the relevant authority in the country. In the year 2015, there was an increase in the number of unaccompanied children, which is a clear indication that the number has been on the rise compared to the previous years. In the same 2015, the highest number of the asylum was from Eritrea, which had 694 applications and Afghanistan had 656 applications. Besides that, t statistics which was presented in the asylum indicates that most of the applicants are aged between 16- 17 years while the number of the children between the ages of 14- 15 years have also been on the rise.

Once the children have been identified by the relevant authority, and he or she wants to have a permanent leave in the country. He will be expected to make an application to the asylum after which the application could either be approved or the government may need the applicants to make another application at a later date. However, in the case of these children should be able to identify their country of the origin and provide sufficient evidence which will indicate that they cannot be able to return to the country of the origin due to the varying reason which could compel the government.  Article one of the country constitution is very clear on the ground which the government could grant the asylum permanent stay in the country. There has been fear by many children due to the fear of the segregation of the colour of the skin and races. Still, the government has been adamant about ensuring all the children have been accommodated if there is a compelling reason.

All the unaccompanied and they have reached the age of seventeen years in the country should make the application, and they could be approved and end being the citizen in the country. While under the care of the government the social security would ensure that the children have good access to health care and also the education while in the country. All the children in the country are entitled to the legal aid and the government through the various agencies have ensured that this is extended to all the unaccompanied minor who are entering the country at any given period.

2.3 Unaccompanied minor help in the country

Most of the unaccompanied minors who are entering the United Kingdom comes from a different continent, and most of them have experienced language barrier and other challenges which makes life difficult for the kids to survive in the country. For instance, some children have English as a second language, and this makes it difficult for these young people to express themselves while in the country. Language barriers it’s a major challenge in the country, and this has made many young people fail to get the right services unless they get assistance. There is a need for the assessment to be made to ensure these young people get the best assistance which is needed for them to survive in the country. In addition to that, with a registered interpreter, he or she will be able to assess the young people and ensure the language is not a problem while in the country. For instance, in the school where these kids attend the school, they depend on their fellow students as the interpreter, which creates a lot of problem to these students while trying to learn in the institution. There is a need for the various organization in the country to ensure that they look for more interpreter who will help these young people to learn as they wait to make the applications. In addition to that, a telephone services interpreter can be used where the face-face communication would be challenging, and this will help the kids to learn effectively.

On the other hand, it’s good to remember that the health assessment of young people would be important to be considered to ensure that these unaccompanied children in the country have received the best assistance. Healthy assessment should be given the ultimate consideration, and this will help the student to be more focused on the study as compared to those kids with parent or guardian. Recent research indicates that most of the unaccompanied minors in the country experience language barriers and therefore there is need for the organization to look for all the possible assistance which they could help the kids to understand English while in the United Kingdom.

https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/generated-pdf/document/Refugee-and-unaccompanied-asylum-seeking-children-and-young-people—guidance-for-paediatricians.pdf

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/unaccompanied-asylum-seeking-children-uasc-grant-instructions

2.4 Data of Unaccompanied minors in the United Kingdom

An asylum application is the best source of the data which could be used to identify the number of the unaccompanied minors in the country at any given period since many of these young people are usually making applications to be allowed in the country permanently. Let’s consider some key facts which have been presented so far, which relates to the unaccompanied minors in the country. In the year 2016, the number of asylum in the country reduced by 7 % compared to the number of the asylum who were reported in the year 2015. For instance, the number of applicants was 30,603 in the year 2016n, which was the first year which recorded the first drop of the applicants since the year 2010. An analysis of the asylum who made the application the highest number was from  Iran, which recorded 4192. At the same time, Pakistan had 2,857 asylum, which is a clear indication of the number of unaccompanied minors who are living in the country.

Sources: Home Office, Immigration Statistics October to December 2016, Asylum table as 01 q