BASIC EXTRACT PROCESS
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The P- nitroanaline is contained in the basic extract. In the separatory funnel, the mixture of dichloromethane solution 6M HCL is added. Only p-nitroanaline will react with the acid since it is basic. Neutralization will occur, and the p-nitroanaline will be aqueous and will be denser than the organic layer.
After weighing the crystals, the p-nitroanaline approximately 0.45grams is indicated.
ACID EXTRACT PROCESS
Benzoic acid is contained in the acidic extract. In the remaining content in the separatory funnel, 6M of NaOH is added. Only Benzoic acid participates in the reaction ad there is a release of soluble benzoate ions. Neutralization occurs, and due to the response and aqueous sodium benzoate is formed.
C6H5COOH(s)+NaOH(aq) C6H5COO-Na+ (aq)+H2O(l)
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After the crystals of benzoic acid are obtained, they are weighed, and approximately 0.48grams is indicated.
Isolation of Anthracene
In the remaining solution Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate a drying agent, is used. Concurrently swirling the flask.
Careful decantation of the neutral fraction is done and the dichloromethane, organic solvent used is removed using a steam bath
The mass of the neutral Anthhracene is obtained and weighed.
A mass of 0.47 is indicated.
PERCENTAGE RECOVERY OF THE COMPOUNDS
1.P-nitroaniane percentage recovery
Percentage recovery =mass of recovered solidmass of the mixture × 100
0.4÷0.5×100=90%
- Benzoic acid percentage recovery
Percentage recovery =mass of recovered solidmass of the mixture × 100
0.48÷0.5 ×100=96%
- Arthracene percentage recovery
Percentage recovery =mass of recovered solidmass of the mixture × 100
0.47÷0.5×100=94%
In the separating funnel, the aqueous phase is distinguished from the organic phase by making observations.
Since there is a reaction that takes place and also the formation of new compounds such as water, therefore, the aqueous phase is denser than the organic phase. Thus, the aqueous part is observed to be lower in the separatory funnel.