Experimental Design.
Experimental design refers to the process of putting experiments together to scientifically demonstrate that a cause is producing an effect (Chapman, 2020). To begin with, we have to find out a problem and try to figure out its impact, for example, is cigarette smoking hazardous to a person’s health. The answer is quite simple, but why is cigarette smoking still a norm in like 2000 years now? Whereas numerous experiments were carried out, tobacco smoking has very few health benefits, which bring us to develop a hypothesis with the primary independent variable being cigarette smoking and illness being a dependent variable.
With all other variables constant, the experiment is aimed at checking the effect of cigarette smoking on lung cancer. According to Chapman (2020), this experiment requires experimental levels, with the first being the control group composed of adult males smoking one cigarette packet per day. The next level will include the control of adult males who smoke more than one cigarette packet per day. Chapman (2020) says the last level will consist of a group of adult males who inhale cigarette smoke passively. The more cigarette smokes a person is exposed to, the higher the probability of them getting cancer. The next process is data collection. For example, in a group of 100 people, the first level will have ten people sick with cancer, 15 confirmed cancer cases in level 2 and only five sick people at the last level. The next process is the evaluation of the findings and checking whether the hypothesis is correct.
In conclusion, Schacter’s study is not a real experiment rather than an analysis of cigarette smoking. However, there are some ethical concerns that an IRB faces in experimental design. One of the concerns is experimental biases. This situation proves to be quite tricky since the manipulation of data may affect the desired hypothesis of the experiment (Cote, 2018). All in all, Schacter’s affiliation study allows us to work with one or more variables to determine a hypothesis that can be true or false, depending on the findings of the experiment.
References
Chapman, J. (2020). Experimental design.
Cote, D. (2018). Schacter’s affiliation study.