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Runway Incursions

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Runway Incursions

Runway incursions occur when there is an unauthorized pedestrian, aircraft or vehicle on a landing strip that creates potential conflicts between the items or persons in question and an aircraft scheduled for landing or taking off (Flight Safety Foundation, 2017). The conflicts in question can have serious ramifications since it can cause massive loss of lives and destruction of property. This paper explores the issue of runway incursions in terms of prevalence, types, and how to address the safety management problems related to this phenomenon.

Prevalence of Runway Incursions

Certain categories of runway incursions are more prevalent than others. For instance, in 2000, there were 65 incidents that matched the definition of category A and B incursions (Flight Safety Foundation, 2017). The prevalence of runway incursions has been fluctuating over the years. For instance, in 2016, 19 incidents fell under category A and B incursions (Flight Safety Foundation, 2017). The different categories of runway incursions are described below.

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Type of Runaway Incursions

Runway incursions are categorized into four groups. For instance, the Federal Aviation Administration argues that category A incursions occur when the collision can hardly be avoided (Flight Safety Foundation, 2017). In these incursions, accidents or collisions are almost imminent. On the other hand, Category B incursions involve situations in which there is adequate potential for collisions (Johnson, Zhao, Faulkner, & Young, 2016). In these situations, evasive reactions or time-critical corrective approaches may result in collisions being avoided. Category C involves incidents in which there is adequate distance or time to avoid collisions (Johnson et al., 2016). As such, these incidents rarely occur since the parties involved have adequate time to avert possible collisions. The last type of runway incursions is Category 4, and it entails the persons or vehicle appearing inappropriately in a secured area that is set aside for departing or landing aircraft (Johnson et al., 2016). However, these inappropriate appearances do not pose any significant safety effects.

Addressing Some of the Safety Management in Mitigating Runway Incursions

According to Johnson et al. (2016), the causes of runway incursions can be grouped into three categories which are pedestrians/vehicle deviations, pilot deviations, and operational incidents. For instance, the deviation of vehicles or pedestrians increases the risk of these entities ending up in the same runway as taxiing aircrafts. Also, traffic controllers may fail to provide adequate separation between aircrafts and vehicles. One way in which the FAA is addressing the issue of runway incursions involves the development of a technology dubbed runway status light (RWSL) (Flight Safety Foundation, 2017). This technology aims at increasing the levels of awareness of airport vehicle drivers and aircrew on the situation of the runway. At the same time, airport layouts have been identified as a major risk factor in causing runway collisions. For instance, Johnson et al. (2016) argue that simulation studies conducted on the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) revealed that airport geometry layout is significant in explaining how runaway incursions occur. The manner in which the taxiway and runway are designed increases or decreases the risk of collisions occurring between different entities involved in the daily running of an airport.

In conclusion, runway incursions pose a serious threat in the aviation sector. Collisions between aircrafts and vehicles in the runway may be caused by various factors. Human errors and appropriate geometry increases the risk of runway incursions. However, these errors are addressed through the use of appropriate technology and airport layout.

 

References

Flight Safety Foundation. (2017). Serious runway incursions down at U.S. airports. Retrieved from https://flightsafety.org/runway-incursions-down/

Johnson, M. E., Zhao, X., Faulkner, B., & Young, J. P. (2016). Statistical models of runway incursions based on runway intersections and taxiways. Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering5(2), 3.

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