ARRESTS WITH AND WITHOUT WARRANTS

 ARRESTS WITH AND WITHOUT WARRANTS

n December 15th, 1925, George Carrol was arrested after a chase by Detroit undercover agents working on a trial of illegal whiskey trade along the Detroit-Michigan rapids

After searching his car, a consignment of sixty-eight bottles of illegal whiskey was found hidden inside the rear car sits. He was arrested on account of the possession of illegal liquor. A court case filed by Carroll against the United States for searching his car and finally arresting him without a warrant. The defendant argued that the arrest and search must be limited to offenses committed at the presence of an officer in a misdemeanor less than a breach of peace. The presence of illegal liquor bottles in Carroll’s car was enough proof of an offense.

The court ruled in favor of the defendant after extensive reference to preceding court cases on the grounds that the police had probable cause to stop the plaintiff. The case gave light to the privileges that an officer can exercise with regard to infringement of the liberty and freedom of an individual. Prior to this event, the police had zero privileges to conduct an arrest without a warrant except in situations that resulted in the breach of peace. The chief justice also quoted the law citing possession of prohibited liquor as a misdemeanor on itself.

The term “arrest” is coined from a combination of Latin and French words to form the word “arrester” which is translated to stopping or restraining an individual. An arrest is legally apprehending and restraining an individual’s liberty and freedom of movement in order for them to answer for suspected criminal activity. Both criminal law and civil law gives specific conditions in which an individual’s liberty can be interfered with. An arrest in a civil law proceeding is for holding an individual following a demand against them. Laws guiding arrest are ingrained in different acts such as the Uniform Arrest Act and other amendments.

Arrests with warrant take place in a case when a magistrate signs an official document that allows the law enforcement to arrest the individual named in the warrant. The warrant identifies typically the offense for which the arrest has been authorized, and time restricts how the arrest can be made. For instance, a warrant may specify that the suspect should be arrested between a 12 – hour time range. On the other hand, arrests without warrant happen in minor crimes, when law enforcers identify an individual committing an offense.  It also occurs when the police are confident on reasonable grounds that it is in the public’s best interest to make an arrest.

The law exists to equalize and protect; it is essential for citizens to have protection against the government and law enforcement officers.  Arrests with a warrant are mainly practiced when the crime took place out of view of a police officer. It serves as a central weapon in the fight against serious crime. The extradition of individuals wanted for serious misconduct is made easier and simpler. With the increasing crimes in rape, murder and child offense, arrest with warrants allows the perpetrators to be stopped at any place the police find them. Therefore, this helps reduce the number of crimes in the society.

Arrests without warrant help in reducing minor offenses, for instance, a police officer in patrol can notice a drive strike a pedestrian hence reducing the case of hit and run. The police officer has the authority to pursue the driver and place him to custody. Valid arrests without warrant present practical importance in maintaining peace in the community. Courts have realized that criminals have become more sophisticated; therefore, the police require high-level tools to fight crime, concerning drug offenses and other consensual crimes.

Why the US was unable to achieve military and political victory in the Vietnam War.

The U.S decided to take an active role in the Indochina war after a long time of noninvolvement policy in the decade of the second world war by supporting the French in their war against the Viet Minh in 1950. The results were devastating with shocking consequences. It is the second longest war that the U.S took part in after the Afghanistan war. The war recorded a considerable high number of casualties with over 47,000 dead U.S soldiers in combat, over 110,000 South Vietnamese soldiers and more than $168 billion Northern Vietnam led by Hoi subscribed to the communist system with the support of China.

The United States did not have any genuine concern to the distant people of Vietnam in any aspect of either economic or political development. As an example of a failed in creating an effective system to handle the situation effectively.  During the war, the U.S employed a system of rational-legal bureaucratic strategies that proved ineffective. The failure in the Vietnamese war was a result of poor structural and organizational bureaucracy Evidence of poor diplomatic and military strategies point to the misguided notion of a threat to the state’s interest. While the U.S did not have a direct interest in the occupation of the South East Asian territory, the exaggerated threat from communist Northern Vietnam blurred the clear focus of the situation. What followed was a system of poorly consulted decisions that had only led to suffering in Southern Vietnam.

The primary decisions lead to division and irrationally cause a war by instigating the South against their counterparts. Bureaucratic decisions made were unemotional given the fact that the U.S did not have any direct relationship or loyalty with the Vietnamese. The irrationality of the bureaucratic decisions led to a genocide with high degrees of organizational failure. The military misjudged the strength of enemy forces. In this scenario, the overestimation of the North Vietnamese capabilities led to unwarranted intervention.

MUSIC THERAPY TECHNIQUES IN CONTROLLING ALZHEIMER’S.

Alzheimer’s diseases, the type of dementia is a neurological condition that prevalent among the old people and is associated with a loss of memory, difficulty in language and speech, and behaviour. The conditions mostly affect people above the age of 65 affecting 6% of the aged population although it may be observed in people younger than 65.This disease has been found to eventually lead to death as the condition can advance to serious stages where the patient becomes disoriented and normal body functions fail. The condition causes more death than cancer as it accounts for about 1.9 million deaths worldwide and taking the sixth position as the cause of death in the U.S. Statistics in 2005 indicated that more than 29.8  million people worldwide suffered from Alzheimer’s. An individual who develops Alzheimer’s to the full stages can only live for eight years. This condition is on the rise and can go undetected as it slowly gets worse but at advanced stages, severe symptoms of the disease usually include unpredictable mood changes, loss of memory and difficulty in cognition. There are no clear bases for the cause of this disease and there is no objective cure to the disease directly but only symptomatic containment.

Researchers have found that therapeutic activities may not only reduce the chances of getting the disease but also help the patient in dealing with the situation. Though the condition is irreversible, cognitive exercises might help in containing the symptoms. People involved in cognitive activities that engaged the mind and body such as puzzles, music and socializing have been found to lead a normal life despite living with Alzheimer’s .

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