Beck depression inventory

 Beck depression inventory

Discussion:

Major depression is a public, neural illness in which acute social, as well as individual costs, are involved. Beck depression inventory is a technique major depression by focusing on symptoms such as pessimism, sadness, failures of past, lack of self-esteem, thoughts of suicide, insomnia and self-dislike. [11] Beck depression inventory II is the self -report instrument which is used in the clinical as well as research settings to check the severity of depression in a person.[12] Beck’s depression inventory was developed by Beck et al., it has relied upon negative cognition distortion theory. Beck et al. developed it in 1960. [13] Questionnaire of the BDI is formed by various  clinical attitudes as well as symptoms that occur regularly in depressed and non -depressed psychiatric patients [14]

In this research, there were sixty participants. Thirty of them were healthy, while thirty were depressed. Total marks were sixty-three while the minimum number was zero. Results of beck scoring inventory confirmed that thirty participants, which were diagnosed  depression clinically, were depressed, and thirty were confirmed as normal participants. There was no statistical difference in the ages of both normal and depressed subjects. The p-value was  0.178. The results were very substantial.

The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of beck’s Depression Inventory in the screening of major depression disorders in outdoor patients.  Sixty males, as well as sixty females, were included in the study. Included patients were planned for routine visits with specialized physicians.  The consistency of the beck depression inventory was very high. Major depression was diagnosed by the mood module that was from primary care evaluation. BDI score was not associated with age, sex, ethnicity, or medical doses. [15]

In Toronto general hospital, authentication of beck depression inventory was examined by  DSM_I11  to diagnose depression in the sample of renal dialysis. In study ninety-nine, medically ill patients, that were subjected to end-stage renal disease were included. For diagnosis of major depression in renal dialysis patients, optimal sensitivity (0.92), maximized youden’s index of validity (0.72), as well as negative predictive value (0.99), was produced on beck depression inventory. The threshold level was b 15, a maximum threshold level of beck depression inventory  decreases sensitivity, but it didn’t increase the positive predictive value [16]

Questionnaires play an important role in screening major depression. Modern studies suggest that scientists should focus on the mean of the total score as well as on dynamic relation between symptoms of depression. The analysis revealed that BDI-II symptoms are indirectly or directly linked to patterns of progressive influence. [17]

A study was conducted in Pakistan in which depression was diagnosed in patients with diabetes mellitus using beck depression inventory-II. Responses of all questions by patients were recorded, and after calculating the total score of the survey, it was concluded that some patients were normal, while some of them had severe depression. The results were also compared with the duration of diabetes. Patients with 0-5 years were normal, while patients with old diabetes, such as from five to ten years were depressed. It was stagnant in the patients having ten years of diabetes.

11. Depression Guideline Panel: Depression in primary care, vol 1. Detection and diagnosis. Clinical Practice Guideline, No 5, Rockville, Md: DHHS Pub Hlth Serv, 1993. AHCPR Publication No. 93–0550.

12.  Quilty L, Zhang K, Bagby R. The latent symptom structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in outpatients with major depression. Psychological Assessment. 2010;22(3):603-608.
13. Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev 1988;8:77–100.

14.Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561–571

15. . Steer, R. A., Cavalieri, T. A., Leonard, D. M., & Beck, A. T. (1999). “Use of the Beck depression inventory for primary care to screen for major depression disorders”.
16. Craven, J. L., Rodin, G. M., & Littlefield, C. (1989). “The Beck Depression Inventory as a Screening Device for Major Depression in Renal Dialysis Patients”
17. 17. Bringmann L, Lemmens L, Huibers M, Borsboom D, Tuerlinckx F. Revealing the dynamic network structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Medicine. 2014;45(4):747-757.
18.  Abbas A, Nasir H, Zehra A, Noor A, Jabbar F, Siddqui B. Assessment of Depression as Comorbidity in Diabetes Mellitus Patients using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI II) Scale. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2015;7(3):206-216.