Food Loss and Wastage The FAO (2019) defines food loses as the decline in food substances meant for human consumption that occur in the food supply chain. Conversely, FAO (2019) defines food wastage as decline in human food materials at the final stages of the supply chain, i.e. the retail and consumption stages. As such, food loses or wastage does not include loses in food materials that are not produced for human consumption. Food loses are of five types namely, agricultural production, post-harvest, processing, distribution and consumption. This paper seeks to discuss the concept of food wastage from a multi-level perspective. According to FAO (2019) data on per capita food loses, the developed nations experience higher rates of loses than the developed nations. Also, most of the food loses occur production to retail stages in the third world nations while the developed nations experience greater loses at the retail and consumption stages. The disparity in the data is attributed to the economic states of the respective countries. For example, the developed countries have mechanized their agriculture and have improved storage…

Creating Good Citizenship Should be a Central Aim of State Schooling Introduction This paper explores the rationale for the inclusion of good citizenship as a crucial objective of state schooling. It critically examines the arguments for proponents and opposers of the notion that good citizenship is a core purpose of education. However, much importance is given to good citizenship as a crucial aspect of the academic course. This discussion will start with an overview of the motivating factors for educationists and policymakers to introduce citizenship education in schools. An in-depth account of the elements that render such education significant for young individuals will be discussed. Both political socialization and the establishment of knowledge and skills for democratic contributions are central to citizenship education. Besides these, there are substantial contentions by some curricular designers about the form that political and citizenship education should take as well as whether it should be adopted as a subject in learning institutions. Citizenship education It is widely thought that personal autonomy is the quality of character that educators need to focus on (Hedge and Mackenzie,…

Construction Accidents in the UK: Challenges and Solutions 1           Results and Data Analysis 1.1         Introduction This chapter presents an in depth analysis of the results from the study of construction accidents in the United Kingdom (UK) based on secondary data. Accidents in construction projects in the United Kingdom remain high, according to the statistics indicated in the reviewed secondary sources. These statistics pose a significant challenge to the well-being of construction workers considering that construction accidents cause considerable damage to the health of the victims, including fatalities. Despite the numerous regulations and safety guidelines provided by the various governmental and non-governmental organizations responsible for safety in the construction industry, deaths still occur in construction projects in the UK. Researchers noted that safety and health in the construction industry had been a critical challenge to the improvement of construction quality for a long time globally (Lee, Shariatfar, Rashidi, & Lee, 2020). With the UK having one of the best construction industries, accidents caused by the flagrant disregard for safety precautions and negligence create cause for concern for most experts in the industry.…

Complexity and Chaos Management in Healthcare The Christian healthcare administrator needs to be responsible for managing the healthcare unit in times of chaos. The administrator should effectively utilize the unit’s components, including quality equipment and diverse clinical workforce to bring operations to stable condition (Bucknall & Hitch, 2018). Besides, managing the different needs of the workforce will boost the patient’s satisfaction levels, in addition to minimizing instances of complexity and underperforming. The healthcare administrator manages chaos in healthcare through employing methods for detecting and minimizing medical errors, which will, in turn, prevent the advancement of the current issue. This move will be attained by utilizing the relevant machines across the functional units in the facility. The equipment will contribute hugely in eliminating errors due to their capability of storing and updating patient’s history automatically, thereby avoiding complexity. Notably, the Christian healthcare administrator should use motivational factors to manage chaos and complexity. The motivation supplement may include organizing seminars to address the staff as well as providing them with educative materials. The book by Bucknall & Hitch (2018) confirms that chaos…

Public and private law Public and private law has for many years remained to be an important branch of law that highlights the relationship between different parties and agencies. Public law refers to the relationship between the government and individuals, and it is an area of law that remains to be significant because of the unequal relationship between the public and the government. Private law, on the other hand, is an essential branch of law that governs the relationship among persons in a legal system, including corporations. A clear review, therefore, shows that this is a type of law that governs the relationship between government and individuals (Rosenfeld, 2013). While common examples of private law can be found in organizations and employment, for public law, it involves circumstances involving public bodies. Private law is seemingly divided into subdivisions and such as contract law, the law of torts, property law and family, which will be highlighted in this paper. Public law, on the other hand, is divide into administrative law, constitutional laws, international law and constitutional law.   Aspects of public…

Peru Trade Promotion Agreement In mid-May 2019, I read an article that was published online by Cambridge University Press. The item had been issued from the ‘American Journal of International Law.’ The article was initially published on 2nd Apr 2019 Volume 113, pages 400-404. Like most of you, I only accessed the information through my most reliable and credible source, ‘The Cambridge Core.’ Concerning the context of the content, I recalled how our government in January 2019 made claims and raised concerns about Peru’s commitment to the bilateral trade agreement. As an insight into the issues that we have witnessed over the years, it’s important to recap some of the landmarks and events that surround the subject matter (Cambridge press, 2019). The agreement that the government is referring to is the Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. As a patriotic citizen of our United States, I have been following up on the progress of the agreement since 2006. We signed a deal through representatives, and equal and equally capable personalities had also presented Peru. As one of the parts of the treaty…

Farm Management The problem of the study is climate change and its impacts on agricultural management in Southern California.  Climate change leads to severe dry spells and higher temperatures that are not favorable for crop production. The agriculture systems used are irrigation and rain-fed agriculture. Irrigation of farms has led to increased yields. Climate change is a threat to agriculture production and management because of the increased frequency and intensity of climate extremes, reduced water availability, high temperatures, risk of pests and diseases, and increased duration of dry spells. Permanent crops are the most productive grown crops, which are grown for more than 25years, and this makes them more vulnerable to climate change. Climate change affects the population and economy of Sothern California because it depends on agriculture to generate revenue income. It poses a severe threat to the California agricultural industry, which is responsible for more than half of all domestic vegetables and fruits. Irrigated agriculture in California produces 90% of harvested crops and feeds the entire US, and other countries and decline could lead to high food insecurity,…

Corporate responsibility in AB Sugar Introduction Corporate responsibility is a business model that guides a company into being socially accountable to all its shareholders both in the internal and external business environment. These stakeholders include the stakeholders, the community, and itself at large.  Corporate responsibility also includes how the company interacts with its environment. Some companies think that merely donating money to charity is enough, which is not. Corporate responsibility is about ensuring everyone is responsible and working towards earning the trust stakeholders as well as meeting their expectations in an ethical and accountable manner. AB Sugar is one of the world’s leaders in the sugar business and supplies both sugar and non-sugar products. These non-sugar products include animal feeds, landscaping products and soil conditioning products. This paper will analyze corporate sustainability and the context in which it is implemented in AB Sugar. Six core characteristics of CSR CSR has six core characteristics. These include voluntary, managing externalities, multiple stakeholder orientation, the orientation of both social and economic responsibilities, practices and values, and beyond philanthropy. Voluntary Scholars describe CSR as…

Economic Impact of Universities in Manitoba Manitoba is a Canadian province that is bordered by Saskatchewan and Ontario. One of the most significant industries in the province is the education sector. The region has numerous schools, including universities that do not only provide a skilled labor force to the country but also adds some necessary knowledge into the society. Some of the top universities in the province include the University of Manitoba, Brandon University, Canadian Mennonite University, The University of Winnipeg, and Universite de Saint-Boniface. All these Universities meet UniRank selection criteria that postulates that the institution must be chattered and accredited by the relevant Canadian bodies, offer at least a bachelor and a post-graduate degree, and deliver courses face to face, non-distance format. These institutions aim to provide knowledge to the society for sustainable economic development. There is a total of eight Universities in Manitoba. Geographically, these Universities are concentrated in Winnipeg. Six out of the Eight Universities are located in this region. The six Universities include Université de Saint-Boniface, University of Winnipeg, University of Manitoba, University College of…

FOOD SAFETY, SECURITY, AND BIOTERRORISM: IS IT ALL A SCARE TACTIC? Introduction Food safety encompasses the hygienic handling, preparation, and even the storage of food in ways that ensure its safety as far as consumption is concerned. Bioterrorism, on the other hand, refers to the ways and techniques of converting safe food to bad food that becomes unfit for consumption. This paper attempts to establish a connection between food safety and security versus bioterrorism. The above will be achieved by succinctly looking into the following three key areas: Elements of Food Security According to Schmidhuber and Tubiello (2007), four salient features of food security helps ensure the safety of food for consumption; these are: availability of food, stability of the food, utilization of the food and access to food. Availability as an element sees to it that issues, such as starvation are non-existence. Additionally, this element plays a crucial role in ensuring that issues such as struggling for food are also non-existent. The second is stability that ensures there is a constant supply of food to all in sufficient quantities.…