Lessons from Past Public Health Crises Infectious diseases have posed a threat to global public health over the centuries. More humans have died from infectious diseases than anything else. A look into the death figures of pandemics in history highlights the devastating impact it continues to have on human lives. For example, some of the deadliest infectious diseases in history like the 6th century plague of Justinian claimed 50 million fatalities. Again, nearly 200 million lives were lost during the 14th century Black Death. While in the 20th century Small pox killed some 300 million people. These diseases are usually caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites. h (BBC Future, 2020). Currently, the world continues to be ravaged by the Covid-19 outbreak with the situation escalating. This paper looks at the lessons public health agencies can learn from past global pandemics. First, the case of the polio outbreak in the 1950s in USA offers some vital lessons. The disease claimed thousands of lives in the US. It mostly affected children and spread through oral-fecal contacts. Polio spread faster during the summer…
social classes Also, the social classes between the two towns vary in that most of the people that live in Old and New bond street London belong to the upper and middle-level class compared to those in Manor Park Newham who most are middle and lower-level class. The variation in wealth, material possession power, and authority make the two cities socially unequal. This is evident in the presence of a charity organization in a town and none in the other. However, we see that most people observe the unspoken social norms which have ensured order among the two community despite belonging to different social, economic status. It is also revealed that people group themselves in categories which social class concepts identify as being subjective. The importance of the idea is how people’s group theme self has consequences on the outcome. For instance, in Manor Park, Newham people are grouped in gangs which are mainly defined by racial backgrounds unlike in New bond street where people interact freely without any specific measures Conclusion In conclusion, social inequalities, social inequalities, social class,…
role of the United States in World War II Originally, the role of the United States in World War II was not clear to Americans. Americans were divided on whether to join the war or avoid it altogether. Between the 1930s and 1940s, the war consumed a significant proportion of Asia and Europe. Still, there was no substantial manner at which the United States would respond. Isolationism was dominant in the American political landscape during this time. Thousands of Americans were killed or critically injured during the conflict that started during the First World War. The then united states President Woodrow tried to find a permanent solution for lasting peace, but the country’s leadership failed to materialize the dream. Americans felt like their efforts were not appreciated and regretted being actively involved in the global stage in 1917. The nation was in an excellent isolation mood, and not even Hitler’s power made enough effort to lift the nation’s spirit for war. The majority of the United States citizens believed that the best way to serve the nation’s interest was to…
face to face communication Communication is an integral aspect of our everyday lives, most notably now in an era where the world has become a global village. In today’s world, people are communicating more through online channels, for example, social media platforms, messaging, and video calls. However, this kind of communication has been at the expense of face to face dialogue whereby people prefer virtual interactions over real-life conversations. This paper will focus on face to face communication, what the process entails, focusing on intricacies like active listening, verbal and non-verbal communication cues, self and perception, noting how it boosts the achievement of either personal or professional relationships. In module one, the chapter focuses on the communication process. Communication is defined as a process in which messages are conveyed from one person to another. The process involves a sender, a message, and a recipient. Discussions can take place through the use of different modalities, using various channels, and can happen in different locations or contexts. During this module, I have learned on reasons for communicating, such as maintaining relationships, which…
The Virtue of Justice and Justice in Waging War In this chapter, I have been refreshed on matters that revolve around justice. It is worth noting that justice is a steady disposition in an individual to give other individuals their due. I firmly believe that part of this includes determining what might be exactly due to these people (Mattison III, 2008, p. 136). Over the years, I have pondered more on the teachings of Jesus Christ, especially when I have had to consider justice. For instance, Jesus urges us to love our neighbor as ourselves. This principle ensures that a person is in peace and harmony in their dealings with those around them. It is always proper to be careful to avoid things that are perceived by many as ‘natural’ in determining what is just. As the author argues, some people might be seen by society as natural-born liars hence using this to defend them (Mattison III, 2008, p. 138). We might end up saying that ‘it is not their fault; they are born that way.’ However, it is essential…
how masculinity creates a culture of violence It is crucial to contemplate how masculinity creates a culture of violence, affecting all genders when tackling the intersectional features of the ways masculinity and femininity are socially constructed and institutionally reproduced to contribute to sexual abuse. Jackson Karts and Jeremy Earp and Jane Doe in their books “It’s the Masculinity, stupid!” and “The Ultimate Rape Victim” examines the violent and hostile environment that the society has forced on women. The authors developed a culture that shows that any non-aggressive representation of male identity and hyper-masculinity can generate a crisis of masculinity—as a result, making women victims of sexual violence in an attempt to maintain socially constructed gender dynamics and gender roles. Therefore, both genders must eventually reconcile new identities with how the society label, shame, and view them. She was wearing indecent clothes or was at both the wrong place and time are some of the common statements people make after a woman has been a victim of sexual violence. Furthermore, after an incident, “a raped woman is framed socially and within…
Evaluation of transgender curriculum in health care Specifics: This curriculum aims at evaluating the factors that contribute to transgender health disparities. Usually, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT )individuals face health disparities as a result of societal stigma, discrimination and denial of their rights, making it difficult for them to access quality healthcare. The evaluation process will involve patients from the LGBT community as well as medical staff personnel. The evaluation process will involve answering questions that will make available in a video consultation recordings as well as patient interviews. Measurable: Throughout this evaluation process, I am going to measure the percentage of transgender patients who have to persevere through pain and agony because of inability to access quality treatment. Also, we are going to look at the rate of transgender patients that can get effective treatment. Eighty per cent will be our baseline figure for transgender patients who get adequate medical care. If seventy per cent of the patients complain of unfair treatment that affects the quality of their health care when they visit the hospital, that will trigger…
Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America Ngai, Mae M. Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America-updated edition. Vol. 105. Princeton University Press, 2014. Most historians neglect the time in history when America introduced immigration acts into American law and society. The periods between 1924 and 1965 were tumultuous to ‘Illegal Aliens’ and Mae Ngai’s book, “Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America,” shines the light to this under-researched history. Mae Ngai unruffles historical archives to detail American history in the pre-modern era. Before 1924, America had an open-door policy that was welcoming to all persons. Old migrants or new, all were free to enter America and have a new lease of life. After 1965, however, the new immigrants had overflowed into America, and the country had to rethink its immigration policies. The United States altered the criteria of admission to the country, an act that by itself changed the stories of previously perceived national heroes into villains and unwelcome guests within the U.S. borders. Mae Ngai’s Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the…
Oppenheimer and Motsepe Donations On the other hand, BUSA seconded financial support through taxation among, other relief for SMEs, which shall experience the negative economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. BUSA, through its president, acknowledged the solidarity fund that was announced by the president. The funds shall help SMEs, among other citizens experiencing the economic effects of COVID-19. Oppenheimer and Motsepe Donations The family of Oppenheimer has detailed out the processes related to how the businesses from South Africa can make their application for a portion of the R1 billion donation[1]. Employees of the SMEs will have a direct payment, and it will be an interest-free loan. Only companies will be liable to pay the money back but not the employees. The fund per employee will be R750/week approximately for fifteen weeks. Motsepe’s family also outlined the details concerning their 1R billion donations (Luckoff 2020). A portion of the donation will be availed immediately to save lives and to reduce the rate at which the pandemic is spreading. As outlined in the 25th March 2020 Regulation R.398…
Ancient Jews Ancient Jews resided in Spain all the way to the Sahara under both Christian and Muslim rule. There was no independent Jewish state starting from the obliteration of the Second Jewish Temple in 70 Anno Domini up to the establishment of Israeli State in the year 1948. Despite the Jews facing similar experiences in their domains, one key aspect was that there was no clear distinction between the state and religious factions. Jewish life at the time was subject to different experiences as the distinction between the Church and State accompanied by a lack of standard religious rules concerning Jews, triggered an arbitrary application of ruthless doctrines in punishment. In Islamic rule, Jews were controlled under the Pact of Omar. This 17th Century agreement made it mandatory for non-Muslims living under Islamic rules to adhere to a myriad of discriminatory laws. These laws were tailored to subdue non-Muslims in a bid to make them inferior forcefully and loyal subjects. For instance, non-Muslims were required to treat Muslims with utmost respect and bow while in their presence, and Jewish…