Causation Assignment
In the table, it is correct to establish that the independent variable is the weekly Volunteer hours while the dependent variable is the delinquency. The two variables have a causal relationship. It is probable through the association between the factor, weekly volunteer hours, and the effect, delinquency. Therefore, the different observations between samples of delinquent and non-delinquent indicate the consistency of the findings. Hence, the results are strengthened. It can also be depicted that the two variables have a positive relationship within the table. The delinquent factor percentage decreases with a decrease in weekly volunteer hours from one or more hours to less than one hour. Hence, this expounds on the positive relationship that exists between the factor and the effect within the table. However, the non-delinquent part seems to portray an inverse relationship with the factor.
The criteria used for causation include; analogy, strength, and specificity. Analogy indicates there exist similarities between the associations that are observed and other associations. Moreover, on strength, it is appropriate to depict that a more significant association between the factor and the effect, the higher the probability of having a causal relationship. Specificity indicates that the higher the degree of specificity, an association develops between the impact and the factor, the higher the probability of having a causal relationship (Hemani et al., 2017). The three criteria can be applied within the table. For instance, the analogy is indicated by the similarities in terms of the delinquent and non-delinquent percentages based on the weekly volunteer hours. Specificity and strength are shown by the associations presented between the delinquency effect and the weekly volunteer hours factor.
The delinquency and weekly volunteer hours have a causal relation. It is apparent to establish through the associations that exist between the effect and the factor within the table. Moreover, the two variables have a more significant association, which reveals a causal relationship.