Digestive System Discussion Questions

Digestive System Discussion Questions

Case Number 1

History to Obtain

The history of obtaining concern an older adult. The symptoms identified are considered critical. With a time length of 8 days, the man argues of constipation. Therefore, inquiring about the last time that the man had a drink or food. The reviewing of his given medical history is essential. The list of medications must also be reviewed. The man has not complained of any other symptoms. No other common diseases that he has complained of other than hypertension. The man has reported a tender abdomen and pain. Additional information is necessary to help in diagnoses, for example, abdominal pains or diabetes. A clinical physician will assist in hand-checking to determine the tenderness (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014).

Differential Diagnoses

The man needs more tests to give more bowel obstruction identification. Is the bowel obstruction small or big? The significant bowel obstruction is involved with risks of cancer development. The man could develop severe blockage of the intestines from clothing, and he has no history of surgery. The kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) will assist in identifying big or small bowel obstruction. I see the urge for extra testing for possible notable bowel obstruction. The man does not argue of emesis, which is the main symptom of significant bowel obstruction (Yeo & Lee, 2013).

Specific Diagnostic Tests to Determine Cause of his Concern

For bleeding and or rectal mass, physical examination should be done. Extra diagnostic tests would involve the complete blood count (CBC). It is to check on the white blood cells or the case of anemia. Tests for any evidence of ischemia should be conducted through metabolic panel for acid-base malfunctions or electrolytes. The ultrasound, kidney, ureter, bladder, and CT scan should be done for the radiologic examination. If colon decompression is identified, the laparoscopic procedure is needed for surgery (McCance et al., 2014).

Case Number 2

Differential Diagnoses to Consider

The obtained history for this patient must involve the diet, and if he takes alcoholic drinks. The next inquiry is how much alcoholic drinks he takes and the frequency of taking. The man complains of deep inward pain, and this can be as a result of damaged or diseased organs. A full review of other possible symptoms is also mandatory for fluid retention, mental condition, bleeding, the color of the stool, color of the skin, nutrition status, and weight loss (Moctezuma-Valazquez, Garcia-Juarez, Soto-Solis, Hernandez-Cortez, & Torre, 2013). The inquiry concerning any exposure to the chemicals at the place of work.

Pathophysiologic relationship between Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

The esophageal varices normally cause portal hypertension. The endoscopy exam in the gastrointestinal is purposely for the changes in portal hypertension (Kalaitzakis, 2014). Gut mobility can have a delay in the minor bowel and high level of diarrhea (Kalaitzakis, 2014). The alteration of the hepatic system due to vascular malfunction obstructs the flow of blood. This, therefore, commonly occurs at the lower esophagus. This may also be associated with the bleeding of gastrointestinal cirrhosis and anemia (Kalaitzakis, 2014). The ascites are the complications usually associated with cirrhosis. They are developed after the portal hypertension conditions. There is a high mortality rate of ascites, typically one year after taking alcoholic drinks.