how cognitive deficits and biases stress and other psychological illnesses

 how cognitive deficits and biases stress and other psychological illnesses

introduction

Cognition can be explained as a controlled mental process that is controlled. So when you combine emotion-cognition and motivation, it would mean how emotions and motivation could affect one’s thinking. Emotion-cognition and motivation relationships are continuing to be in the spotlight, which has been proven to be aiding in clinical research. This means that medical practitioners have to understand diverse types of psychopathology illnesses and how we can improve psychological and biological treatments. Motivation indeed plays a huge role in cognitive processes. This is why, in this paper, we will be discussing in-depth some reviews and integration of how cognitive deficits and biases stress and other psychological illnesses. We will also research more on how emotion-cognition and motivation influence vision, depression, consciousness, memory, learning, and language. In addition, happiness, personality, stress, culture, and gender will also be discussed.

Vision

When one is having a vision in mind, some specific things do happen in mind. Vision can be explained as thinking about things that are not there yet, but they are planed to execute. Both human beings and businesses do have visions. The difference is that in human beings, we deal with a lot of factors when coming up with the plans. These visions can be motivated by several factors like the environment that we live in, past experiences, and many more. In stating and planning the vision, we should be in a position where we have conducted sufficient research. This will help in coming up with the best vision.

However, emotions can interfere with the plans. These fears may include things like uncertainty in the sense that nobody knows what the future holds in store. This will make any individual be reluctant when it comes to the laying down of the plans. In this case, we should find something that will be motivational. For example, a person who has been living in rental accommodation may, at some point, need to find a house to own. The motivation is that the person does not want to pay any more rent. However, emotions can crop in the sense that fear could start to cloud the judgment. The fear of losing the source of income which would greatly affect the project.

Consciousness

In our day to day lives, we have undergone some changes which have made us become vigilant of our surrounding. While we are awake, we feel alert, and we can be vigilant and aware of what is happening to the environment that we live. That means that we do have a direct non-instrumental role in emotional feelings. This means that the environment is a constitute of emotional feeling rather than a representation of the body to the environment. This is why we have mental stimuli to react when the environment becomes hostile to us. An adrenaline rush is an excellent example of what can happen when one’s environment is threatened. People do all kinds of stuff, like fighting, running, screaming, and many others.

On the other hand, experiences can change when our state of alert changes. For instance, when we sleep, we are at a position of rest in the sense that we are not fully aware of what is happening in the environment. This is why, in some instances, people dream because the brain is supposed to be in control of the surrounding. In some cases, some people would want to use drugs so that they can alter this process. This will make them stay without sleeping for longer. This action doe not have good consequences for the brain. The brain just like the other parts of the body need to rest for it to function correctly for longer

Happiness

The best way to handle any form of stress is finding anything that will make you be happy. This means that one is supposed to have a positive mindset so as to tackle and handle any negativity that would arise. People who are always happy, have a positive mindset, and thinking that they are in control of their lives, tend to live a longer and healthier life. Research has proven that it is possible to be happy for an entire lifetime which would make the stress levels of such an individual to be very minimal. It has been proven that there are genetic factors that would make an individual happy. In some cases, being happy is something that comes naturally, while in others, it is something that they need to train themselves.

In addition, having a positive social relationship with others makes a person become happy due to the social support that they acquire. Being happy makes the people whom you surround with have less depression, less anxiety, and jealousy, compared to those who feel rejected and isolated. An individual must find something that will make them happy. Most married couples have a higher percentage of being happy compared to their unmarried counterparts. This is because they mostly do what they feel will put a smile on the face. People should find what will motivate them to be happier.

Stress

Stress can be defined as psychological responses that do occur, especially when an organ has failed to respond as it should when emotional and physical threats emerge. Stress is an emotional response that can kill from inside out. Different things can make a person feel stressed. They consist of work, school, raising a young one pressure from family and friends, and many others. Cardiologists have found out that some of the heart diseases are linked to stress. The people who have low anger management have a high probability of heart complications compared to those who have great anger management. Having to experience strong negative emotions and the people who respond hostile to stress tend to have negative health issues compared to those with less negativity.

Under whatever circumstances, there will always be some days where we will experience stress in our lives. Most people have a negative way of dealing with stress. They would avoid it, deny it, or at extreme measures, and they will suppress it. They would act as if there is nothing wrong that is going on with them. When one ignores the problems, it will not make them go away. In the same case, avoiding and suppressing stress will not make it go away. It is advisable to have an emotional regulation that can control our emotions successfully. Anyone must have proper techniques of knowing how to manage the emotions before they cause more health damage.

Learning and Memory

Emotions have been known to have so much influence on the cognitive process, especially in human beings. Which include reasoning, perception, memory, learning, attention, and problem-solving. However, we cannot conclude that emotions on memory and learning are the same. Research has shown that emotions either enhances or impairs long term memory and how we learn to depend on different factors. Recently neurologists have found out that the prefrontal cortex and amygdala have integrated in a manner that there is modulation in memory consolidation, successful learning and memory retention, and the prefrontal cortex, which is used in memory formation and encoding. There is sufficient proof that states that emotions facilitate encoding, which in the long run, helps in the retrieval of information from the brain. There are also the hierarchies of circular emotional control within the brain, which helps one to achieve optimal integration of cognitive and emotional processing.

Learning can be stated as the acquisition of knowledge through information gathering, experiences, and other forms of perception. The way emotion-cognition and motivation are related to learning is that learning is a center where motivation and cognitive need to be. Cognitive help in the learning process while motivation is responsible for driving the learning itself. Mild and acute stress, in most cases, is seen to facilitate cognitive performance and the learning process. However, too much of it will cause a negative impact. This means that the learning process will be affected, and the memory performance will be reduced. Emotional experiences are considered to be ubiquitous in nature, and they are essential in the academic set up. Education, especially in school, is involved with tests, homework, and examinations, which would elevate some emotional states of stress, frustration, boredom, and anxiety among students.

Currently, the number of students learning using the internet has increased. Students are now taking online courses, which has reduced there face to face interactions with their lecturers. This makes them have more anxiety compared to their counterparts who o to class because of their minimal social interactions. Studies that have been recently conducted using functional neuroimaging which have recognized human emotional states have become a great concern to the researchers. It has lead to an increase in affective neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and memory outcomes. This has lead to the conclusion that emotions have a way of influencing memory retention and recalls, especially to the learners. When one has a positive mindset, he is at a better chance of having an academic achievement. This is brought by satisfaction, self-motivation, and better learning materials.

Moreover, being told emotional words, there is a high probability that the words will stick in mind for longer. In addition, having watched emotionally arousing films, it enhances memory recognition, but not when there is a free word recall. Therefore this concludes that true emotions can interfere with learning and also on the memory storage of a human being.

Language

Human beings all over the world use some language for them to communicate. Human beings, by nature, are social beings, and they need some language for them to communicate. When one has a terrible mood, there is a high probability that the person will interact poorly with other people. Communication is vital in all forms of relationships. So when emotions get in the way, then the chain of communication will be broken. At some point, language can be used to express the emotions that we do feel inside us. When it comes to motivation, on the other hand, one will only be motivated to interact with a person he will feel comfortable communicating with.

For example, working in a company where there are poor communication channels may lead to failure. This is because no one is expressing themselves the way that it should be done. You may find in such a company; the manager is rude to his subordinates, which would make them fear him. In a company that there is a good communication channel, there are high probabilities that such a company will thrive. This is because the subordinate staff will communicate their issues, and some point they may even help in brainstorming ideas that can help the company. In such a case, the latter company’s employees will feel motivated hence increase the production output. In the current world that we live in, researchers have always advocated better communication since it acts as a means for motivation.

personality

Personality is considered as the study of patterns in human beings for an extended period and how desires and cognition lead to their behaviors. In a nutshell, it is how people think, eat, their desires, and need. Emotions and personality are the same things, and in most cases, they go and in hand. This means that nature is the coherence over space and time and how desire, cognition, and behavior are affected. These desires and actions could be mood, evaluations, emotions, preferences, and attitudes. To a person, this means that there are different ways of how human beings react to different experiences. They can be good or bad, positive or negative, pleasant or unpleasant. Different people react differently according to their personalities.

Since personality can be created over a longer period of time, in most cases, personalities are derived from past experiences. People have got different ways of how they do react to emotions. With that, there can be a form of motivation which could make an individual react in a certain way. Anyone needs to be vigilant and mindful of other people’s personalities to know how to handle them if that time comes.

Psychopathology.

This is the scientific study of different mental disorders. It can also mean the various features collected mental disorders in people. There has been significant attention regarding the psychological disorders that have risen steadily over the years among human beings. This means that other factors, like stress and depression, have brought huge problems that have led to global attention. The psychologists are looking at diverse types of psychopathology and the measures that can be taken to come up with their treatments. These clinical disorders include stress, anxiety and also depression

Research has shown that people who are depressed exhibit abnormal responses to errors, and in most cases, they are seen as failures. They are also perceived as failures after making mistakes, which makes them receive negative feedback. The negative feedback can also make the individual have a lot of negative thinking. Such an individual makes a person exhibit some characteristics of anxiety and depression, which can be expressed differently in people. Some people tend to be very violent and outspoken, while others tend to be quiet and introverted. These kinds of behaviors can lead to poor emotional control. In the long run, it can make one have cognitive dysfunctions. For this reason, psychologists are researching to come up with the best medication that can cure or suppress psychological disorders.

Gender

It is commonly known that women are more emotional compared to the male gender in most cases when they are dealing with negative emotions. Despite these allegations, there is no substantial proof that these allegations are true. Emotional experience is something that is individual and should not be generalized according to gender. However, more and more research that has been conducted suggests that men exhibit emotional reactions which are more intense compared to the women. These reactions are particularly to stimuli that at some point, it would be chaotic, erotic, or threatening. On the issue of gender differences, how to express the emotions issue has never been agreed upon. There has never been a consensus that has been reached. However many findings have concluded that women tend to have an intense emotional response regardless of the valence

In a nutshell, women are considered to be having more emotions, and that s why, in most cases, they tend to be moody. This means that they have a more sensitive negative stimulus. These findings were collected on people who were watching different genres of films. While watching the movies, both the male and the females had an emotional response. The results found out that men have more intense emotional experiences while the women had more emotions, which were expressive, especially to the negative emotions. The research concluded that the gender difference depended on a specific emotion but not in accordance with the valance.

cultures

Culture can be said to be patterns of shared norms and believes that uniquely characterizes a group of people. People in different cultures have different norms that they follow. These cultures influence individual experience, which includes including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Research has shown that culture influences a huge chank of our daily lives. The notion that emotions, in some way, have been tied to culture, has received so much attention in recent years globally. Emotions have been thought to be biological or natural, and there has been a growing number of people who think otherwise. They are suggesting that cultural and social events may shape emotions. These allegations suggest that emotions are experienced and constructed within a specific cultural setup. This means that cultures followed by an individual can guide sense and attitudes towards specific emotions.

Culture is also responsible for affecting the broad area of cognitive processing. Research has also proven that there is a way culture can manipulate the way knowledge is processed, organized, and retrieved. There are a number of cognitive functions that are based in accordance with one’s culture. Looking at an example, Asian cultures and European cultures are so different. Fro the mode of dressing to the way people address each other. By understanding one’s culture, you may be at a better point of solving problems arising from that culture.

Conclusively

Emotion-Cognition and motivation do affect a huge chank of our lives. It is essential to understand the concepts to leave in harmony in the environment that we live in.