Information Systems

1. Information systems are a type of software which are present inside a company. They are used to store data and process and distribute it inside the company. It also helps in maintaining and organizing huge data which is present inside the company. The data which is obtained by the company after conversion is used for decision making purposes.
2. Components of Information systems

Information systems contain mainly five components. They are mentioned below:

• Computer hardware: this is the physical portion of the information systems, and mostly contains computers as well as the peripheral devices of the computer (like a mouse, keyboard)
• Software: it is the part which gives order to the hardware to carry out a task. They can be of two types: application software and system software. The system software is mainly responsible for the working of the hardware. Application software is responsible for carrying out a specific set of function.
• Telecommunications: this is the part which connects the computer systems with each other. This connection is called a network. It can use wired means or wireless means (Kadota, Sinha, & Modiano, 2018).
• Database: it collects and stores all the data which could be used for the working of the system. Also, it stores data which are created by users. The stored data in the database can be modified as per wish.

3. Human elements: these comprises of the human beings who are told to work on the computer systems. They need to have proper knowledge of the computer before working on it (Rangraz Jeddi, et al., 2020).
4. Management Information System (MIS)

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MIS is a computer tool which is designed to help the managers to organize and manage departments which are present inside a company. This helps the managers in taking decisions for the company. An MIS has five major components inside it, which must work together. Some of them are people, software and hardware. People are the users who use information systems for recording the transactions.

Software is the programs which are controlled by the hardware. Hardware are the computer parts which can be physically touched by the users, such as keyboard, mouse, printers, et cetera. Information systems are mainly developed by the companies to increase their productivity. The information systems minimize the chances of error and are very useful for storing and processing information. Also, information systems reduce unwanted costs to the company and improve the customer services by maintaining separate files for each customer.

5. Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT)

• IS is a system designed to process, store analyze and modify information present within a company.
• Information technology is a branch that deals with the hardware and computer peripherals.
• IS includes IT as a branch inside it dealing with computer hardware and peripherals.
• Technology by itself cannot create IS because information systems incorporate technology along with people and resources. All three must work hand in hand for the functioning of the information systems.
• ICT stands for Information and communications technology. This technology includes the working of computer systems with telecommunications technology, which would enable users to work over a network.
• ICT is different from IT as It is more used in companies and ICT is used in educational institutions. IT is used by companies to help them gain more profits by removing unwanted errors, whereas ICT tells the need for computer systems and technologies in handling information (Valtonen et al., 2018).

6. Ethics are a set of moral principles of an employee which he/she follows on a regular basis. Ethics in workplace is essential as it makes sure an employee is honest, dedicated and hardworking. Ethics is useful for maintaining professional responsibility, as good morals will enable an employee to work with honesty and by maintaining the quality of the work (Bowen, 2017).
7. Information System security is essential because it will keep the sensitive company data safe from thieves and other competitors, as well as maintain its integrity. It will also ensure the smooth working of the company and will make sure that the applications are operating correctly. Also, it guarantees the safety of the technological components which are present inside the company from outside virus attacks.

References:

Bowen, S. (2017). Values, ethics, and professionalism in public affairs. The SAGE Handbook of International Corporate and Public Affairs, 316-332.

Kadota, I., Sinha, A., & Modiano, E. (2018, April). Optimizing age of information in wireless networks with throughput constraints. In IEEE INFOCOM 2018-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (pp. 1844-1852). IEEE.

Rangraz Jeddi, F., Nabovati, E., Bigham, R., & Khajouei, R. (2020). Usability evaluation of a comprehensive national health information system: relationship of quality components to usersâ characteristics. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 133.

Valtonen, T., Kukkonen, J., Kontkanen, S., Mäkitalo‐Siegl, K., & Sointu, E. (2018). Differences in pre‐service teachers’ knowledge and readiness to use ICT in education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(2), 174-182.