Metabolic alkalosis
Discussion Prompt 1
For discussion prompt 1, I have chosen to describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is the too much production of acid by the body and occurs when the kidney fails to release acid from the body. The pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis is that it results in reduced bicarbonate concentration (Kraut & Madias, 2017). Both acute and chronic disorders may result from the disorder as a result of excessive production of acids and acidification of renal. Some of the clinical manifestations include loss of appetite, increased rate of heartbeat, breathing problems, and the patient may seem confused. The evaluation of metabolic acidosis is that it is a result of low levels of bicarbonate plasma and the addition of the serum anion gap. Metabolic acidosis treatment includes X-ray to check whether lungs are infected, bronchodilator medications, and avoiding smoking to reduce respiratory compensation.
Metabolic alkalosis occurs when the body’s blood becomes alkaline, and its pathophysiology is that it occurs as a result of an increased concentration of serum bicarbonate. The increased concentration of serum bicarbonate is as a result of reduced cases of hydrogen ions. Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis include high levels of confusion, which might result in the death of the patient, muscle spasms which might prolong for a long time, arching of the muscles, and severe vomiting. Metabolic alkalosis is evaluated by measuring electrolytes and blood gases. Brinkman et.al. states that metabolic alkalosis contains low levels of urine chloride concentration. Treatment of metabolic alkalosis may include administering antiemetics to prevent vomiting, reduction of the production of gastric acid with proton-pump inhibitors. Moreover, metabolic alkalosis can be treated by administering Acetazolamide to reduce chronic diseases. Chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis can be treated by increasing the consumption of sodium chloride, while chloride resistant alkalosis is treated by increasing the levels of potassium by getting potassium chloride regularly.
References
Kraut, J. A., & Madias, N. E. (2017). Adverse effects of the metabolic acidosis of chronic kidney disease. Advances in chronic kidney disease, 24(5), 289-297.
Brinkman, J. E., & Sharma, S. (2018). Physiology, Alkalosis, Metabolic. Statpearl Publishing, Pub-Med. Saatavissa: https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK482291/# article-17360. s4. Viitattu, 9, 2018.