Newton second law of motion

Newton second law of motion

Hypothesis: The purpose of this lab was to validate Newton’s second law of motion, study the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, as well as to study the acceleration of gravity overview: In this experiment precisely, we used a photogate sensor, force sensor, photogate/smart pulley, and the picket fence. Force sensor determines the amount of force in newtons (N). This was used to determine the position, velocity, acceleration, and force of the mass hanging from the force sensor as it was raised and lowered towards the sensor.

This was done to prove that force does, in fact, equal the object’s mass multiplied by its

acceleration. The photogate/ smart pulley was used to apply Newton’s second law to a

system.

Procedure:

1. A laced pulley was thrown as two masses moved in different directions.
2. An infrared beam equipped to the Photogate sensor, the output of the sensor is low when the beam is blocked, and the output is high when unblocked.
3. The photogate sensor and the picket fence were used to study the acceleration of the picket fence and compare those values to gravity.
4. The smart pulley was attached to gliders of varying mass to study Newton’s second law of motion and apply that to a system.

• The first fragment of the experiment involved studying the connection between force,

acceleration, and mass by observing the data based on the acceleration, position, velocity,

and force graphs. To determine if the force is equal to the mass

multiplied by acceralation, a

mass (.5 kg)is attached to the force sensor as it’s being moved away and towards the

sensor at a changing velocity.

• In experiment 2, changeable masses, one of which was

horizontal and the other was vertical, were attached to a string, which passed

through a smart pulley that measured the motion of the string as the glider is released

down the air track.

• In experiment 3, acceleration of gravity was measured by

dropping a picket fence through the photogate sensor, and using the mean of the

acceleration curves for the different trials to compare it to gravity

Data table:

1. Acceleration of 15,9 cm glider

glider1(M2)= 265.8g

Theoretical value 1= 10g(9.8 m/s2)/ 10g+265.8g=.36m/s2M                                           Theoretical value 2=20g(9.8 m/s2)/ 20g+265.8g= .68m/s2

Theoretical value 3=30g(9.8 m/s2)/ 30g+265.8g=.99m/s2

2. Acceleration of 25.9 cm glider

Theoretical value 4= 30g(9.8 m/s2)/ 30g+265.8g=.99m/s2

Theoretical value 5=40g(9.8 m/s2)/ 40g+265.8g= 1.28m/s2

Theoretical value 6=50g(9.8 m/s2)/ 50g+265.8g=1.55m/s2

Average= T1+T2+T3 /3error= (Theoretical-Experimental)/ Theoretical *(100)= 7.14%

Uncertainty and errors;

The error in this lab could be a result of human error.

1. During the first experiment, the glider’s acceleration was determined by capstone based on the glider’s position and velocity just prior to hitting the end of the track.
2. Due to the experimental data being close to the theoretical data, it can be determined that there was a low error in experiment 2.
3. The error in the third experiment could be due to dropping the picket fence improperly. Based on the acceleration of trial 2, it was evident that by dropping the picket fence closer to the sensor would cause the acceleration to be smaller than the Expected Value. The overall experimental error for experiment three was 7.14%, meaning that although the error was small, there was still some variable that would have caused a consistent deviation from g.

Conclusion:

The conclusion from the experiment, Newton’s second law of motion, was proved from the data obtained.

From the first experiment, it was evident that acceleration is proportional to force. This is based on the curves of the graph decreasing and increasing as the mass attached to the force sensor is moved closer or farther to the motion sensor.

In the second experiment, it was proved that the mass of an object and the force of the tension could determine the relationship. Acceleration of the system would depend on the acceleration of M1 if the pulley was massless and frictionless.

In experiment 3 proved that if an object is dropped from the same eight, only the speed changes but not the acceleration.

The second experiment proved that the force of tension and the mass of an object could be used to determine its relationship, and if the pulley was massless and frictionless, then the tension can be assumed to be the same for both masses, so the acceleration of the system depends on the acceleration of M1. The values of this experiment were close to the theoretical values obtained, which indicate little error was performed during the experiment. The data from experiment three revealed that when an object is dropped from the same height, would not affect the acceleration of the object because acceleration cannot change based on the height of the object, only the speed could change

Application:

The application of the second law of motion can be seen in determining the amount of force needed to make an object move or to make it stop. For example, stopping a moving car or pushing a ball.