Proceed-Precede Model

Proceed-Precede Model

Introduction

A group of specialists applied the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in a bid to test the effect of interventions based on the diabetic patient’s quality of life. The study was undertaken with an objective of determining the impact of an educational intervention that was based on PRECEDE-PROCEED on the quality of life of diabetic patients. The researchers understood that health education is the main foundation of care and treatment of chronic disease. The study was undertaken to improve their quality of life (QOL) and facilitate change in their lifestyles. In order to achieve their objective, Azar, Solhi, Nejhaddadgar, & Amani (2017) identified that the most applicable theory in that scenario was the PRECEDE-PROCEED model due to the effectiveness of the “precede pattern.” It was determined that this pattern is effective at predicting the quality of life that was assumed by many people. Poor quality of life is a common phenomenon amongst diabetic patients and implementing an educational intervention using a PRECEDE-PROCEED model is considered as one of the most effective strategies that can enhance the quality of life of chronic patients.

The reason why the PRECEDE-PROCEED model was applied

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model was the most effective model for this study in that it provided an effective structure for planning a focused and targeted public health program. The researchers identified that the model had worked effectively for other health promotion program and was thought as the most qualified model to support one-time intervention as well as long-run projects for diabetic patients. It invited the participation of community members, an aspect that enhances their participation in the improvement of the quality of life for diabetic patients. However, the researchers first decided whether the parts of the model were appropriate for the available resources.

According to Azar et al. (2017), the model is the most effective at designing and evaluating a suitable health promotion plan while allowing the researcher to operate backwards from the intended goal of the research project. This aspect helps to develop a project that instructs the formation of an effective educational intervention. From its definition, PRECEDE stands for “predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation. PROCEED on the other hand, is abbreviated for policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and environmental development.” Azar et al. (2017) determined the efficiency of the model after obtaining reasonable educational verification about the model. The model deemed effective in that it has been verified as an effective method for developing and providing necessary phases for the improvement of an individual’s quality of health and life. This model was also chosen on the basis that the PRECEDE-PROCEED model is an effective planning framework upon which health promotion and education programs should be designed.

Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model in the Article

Azar, Solhi, Nejhaddadgar, & Amani (2017) found that diabetic patients reported a poor life quality compared to other people in the general population, especially with regard to their physical well-being and functioning. In order to prevent complications and control the improvement of their life, self-care education is essential item considering most people lack the necessary skills required to understand and control their disease. This concept facilitated further research which made it necessary to determine the impact of an educational intervention to determine the QOL of diabetic patients according to the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The results from the study were intended to be applied in the invention of interventions that could be used to enhance the diabetic patient’s QOL.

This quasi-experimental study was executed using a sampling procedure of the diabetic centres and the identification of case and control groups. The nine phases in the PRECE-PROCEED model were used as the basis for a theoretical framework for educational intervention. The PRECEDE “educational diagnosis” – predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational diagnosis and evaluation was applied. The ecological diagnosis – PROCEED – which is abbreviated for policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and environmental development were also adopted. The study undertook an in-depth epidemiological and social diagnosis through focus groups and literature review. The results revealed that diabetic patients had a poor quality of lie, which was influenced by the illness and lack of effective self-management (Azar et al., 2017). The use of focus groups in the study also deterring the “predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling” with the ability to influence QOL in diabetic patients. The predisposing factors that were tested included knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management, and attitude. Enabling factors were those that assisted the performance of the health action, including supportive approaches, resources, and competence that were essential at conducting behavior. Information resources and educational classes were also adopted as enabling factors. Reinforcing factors, including support from health workers and family. The constructs in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model were measured through the use of questionnaires which were determined to be most effective.

Constructs of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model were used for the implementation, planning, and evaluation of the program. A research constructed questionnaire and data collection tools were used to test the quality of life. The training sessions conducted tested the various constructs of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, including attitude, knowledge, self-management, self-efficacy and enabling reinforcing constructs. The results revealed that the application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in educational intervention affected the patient’s quality of life. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the patient’s quality of life, self-efficacy, knowledge, or attitude. The intervention facilitated an increment in the patient’s quality of life as there was a significant improvement in the tested constructs (Azar et al., 2017). This model promoted the advancement of ecological perspective by adopting a population-centred aspect. This model helped to guide practitioners in the bridging of various health promotion goals in a manner that enabled the diabetic patients to improve their quality of life through the creation of health conditions. The approach was also effective in that it provided the researchers with an ethical guide through which they would promote health in a participatory and democratic manner.

Criticism of Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model

            Although the application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model helped to increase the quality of life of diabetic patients, its application was not without failures. The success of participation of patients was based on whether the health care providers informed the patients about taking necessary precautions for the disease. This study was also restricted in that the patients lacked the desire to take part in the study although the importance of the study and the impact of the results was explained to them (Azar et al., 2017). The study was also limited by the fact that it provided precise instructions to the diabetic patients to enhance their life which could fail in viability depending on circumstances. An individual may fail to realize this viability and may risk encountering problems that would necessitate fixing of the model in a manner that fits the problems. In addition, there is a possibility that the application of the ecological construct may be underestimated if the main issues are not included in evaluation and monitoring. Lack of local knowledge about the participants and their preferences were limited to the PRECEDE-PROCEED constructs.

Despite the limitations, the education intervention that is based on a PRECEDE-PROCEED model helped to enhance the quality of life of diabetic patients.

References

Azar, F. E., Solhi, M., Nejhaddadgar, N., & Amani, F. (2017). The effect of intervention using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model based on the quality of life in diabetic patients. Electronic physician, 9(8), 5024. doi:10.19082/5024