Respiratory System
Understanding health conditions is crucial, especially to health practitioners, since they deal with patients who have little or no understanding of their illnesses. Additionally, understanding the cause and symptoms helps in grouping related diseases and identifying the most appropriate treatment for each case to avoid mixed treatments, which can increase the risks, despite disease similarities. Cardiovascular diseases are abnormal functioning of the heart while cardiopulmonary related to both heart and lung malfunction conditions. Consequently, both kinds of diseases affect the respiratory system. Besides, the respiratory system is key to the life of an individual. Thus respiratory health is of great concern to not only health practitioners but to every other person. This paper explores the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases in conjunction with the case study at hand.
According to Trinkmann, Saur, Borggrefe & Akin (2019), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have high chances of cardiovascular comorbid because of the close connection between pulmonary and inflammatory processes. Concerning the case at hand, the patient’s symptoms characterize lung diseases, which was possibly caused by the use of tobacco or exposure to solid dust. The use of tobacco and exposure to biomass fuel harms the respiratory system because it weakens or reshapes the airflow, moisture contents. Eventually, it leads patients to start experiencing short breath and sputum cough that she finds it hard to expectorate due to lung dryness (Lehrer, 2018). Further, since the patients had Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it propelled hyperinflation, which latter caused flattering of the lungs as well as increase AP diameter when lungs struggle to control inhaling and exhaling processes. As claimed by Rabe, Hurst & Suissa (2018), hyperinflation increases pressure in the pulmonary vessels, which later affects the heart blood pumping functions. Consequently, the patients develop fevers as a symptom of cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary illnesses.
Variables such as racial centrality have significant impacts on physiological function. As claimed by Volpe, Lee, Hoggard & Rahal (2019), nations that have high levels of racial centrality have more negative impacts on parasympathetic responses, which mostly affect the black immigrants, hence if not controlled, increases the cardiovascular risk for this vulnerable youthful population. Further, some cases of cardiopulmonary diseases are a result of lifestyle, which varies from one ethnic group to the other. Thus the group that observes their diet and exercise are at reduced chances of cardiovascular diseases compared to groups, especially black people who majority rarely observe such measures. Additionally, racial/ethnic differences such as socioeconomic status, body mass index are frequent contributors to physiological functioning. The study conducted by Pandey, Park, Ayers, Das, Lakoski, Matulevicius & Berry (2016), reveals that black people have the lowest cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) compared to the white and Hispanic population. Perhaps, it is clear that ethnic/racial differences pose a high impact on physiological functioning.
Cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary are very similar, such that, if diseases attack one, it is highly likely to affect the other. For example, pulmonary heart disease occurs as a result of the malfunctioning of the respiratory system. Rabe, Hurst & Suissa (2018) reveals that hyperinflation and other lung abnormalities functioning limit the airflow, which later put more pressure in the cardiopulmonary system to the point that it fails to regulate the cardiac input and output. Consequently, the vascular start remodeling and subsequently affect the normal functioning of the heart. As a result, the patients develop breathing and heart conditions, especially tobacco users who are at high risk.