summary and analysis of research article
Background
The research was conducted with aim of dissociating the role of doso lateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. to make the researcher identify how human brains carries out the higher functions of awareness memory and language. The researcher was guided by theories of social cognitive theory .In regulation of cognition the theories suggested that implement control and monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed.
Hypothesis and justification
The research had hypothesis during the research which are listed and justified below.
- Second component is required to provide ongoing feedback indicates that whether control is being allocated effectively.
- There is Double dissociation between the functions of DLPFC and ACC.
- DPLPFC is involved in representing and maintaining attention demand of the task.
- it is impossible to dissociate the respective roles of DLPFC.
Don't use plagiarised sources.Get your custom essay just from $11/page
Summary of methodology
During the research several data collection methods were used.
- Neuroimaging used to show whether respective role of DLPF an ACC can be dissociated.
- observation study .
- experiments to show that correlation between ACC activation increase when top down control is low.
- computer modeling to show that effect related to stoop interference can be expanded by representing and maintaining the attentional demands of the task without need for stimulus dependent
- This was used to test for the hypothised double dissociation between the functions of DPLFC and ACC .modified version of stoop paradigm was used .The subjects were given instructions before each trial indicating whether to read the word or name the color.
summary of the results
In Neuroimaging. It was noted that it is impossible to dissociate the respective roles of DLPF and ACC .According to the article DLPF activity in absence of ACC activity has been found for task that require maintenance and manipulation of information in working memory information is indipended variable.ACC activity has been more consistently observed than DPLPF activity when task require divided attention ,novel or open ended response or overwhelming responses. Double dissociation was found ,the left dorsa lateral prefrontal cortex was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli consistent with role in performing.
DLPF may be involved in maintaining the attention demand of the task on the other hand ACC may be involved in evaluating process such as monitoring the occurrence of errors. From modified of version of stroop paradigm it was observed that following a delay the stimulus was presented stimuli is depended value. Twelve participants participated in stoop task .During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning session. It was hypothised that if DPLF a top down control function more actively in this region should lead to less conflict when responding to incongruent colored words this is depended variable. Consisted with this prediction individuals who showed the most activation in the left DPLFT after the color naming instructions showed the smallest stroop interface effect correlation coefficient r=-0.063 ,0.02 one tailed.
In 4 other scans of each trial within the right ACC greater activity was observed for incongruent compared to congruent ,color naming trials consisted with a role in conflict monitoring .Although DPLFT was active during the response it was not active during the incongnitive than during congruent color naming trial. If the ACC monitors conflict then high conflicts should be associated with more ACC activation .Consistent with this product largest stoop interference effect tended to have more ACC activation .r=0.38 p =0.12 one tailed. Another finding is that dissociation between DPLPFC was selectively activated during the responses period more for incongruent than for congruent color naming trials .Findings from the neuropsychological ,neurophysiologic and computational analyses of the finding are supporting the hypothesis .
Strength of the research
A strength of the research ACC activity has been more consistently observed than DLPFC activity when task requires divided attention ,novel or open ended responses or overcoming of responses. In an example traditional stroop task naming the ink color are congruent RED ink and sometimes they are in congruent red printed in blue ink .respondents were able to read the word they are slower to name the color in incongruent condition. which is also when the great ACC activation is observed.
Weakness of the research
To monitoring whether ACC may be involved in evaluating process like as monitoring the occurrence of errors or the presence of response .Conflict which occur when two incompatible responses are both competing require one to provide feedback as to when strategies processes must be more strongly engaged to adopt ongoing behavior ,DPLFC and ACC may be engaged for many of these uncertainty is how the two frontal regions contribute to cognitive control process.
conclusion
We can conclude that the left dorsa lateral prefrontal cortex is more active for color naming than for word reading consistent with a role in the implementation of control. The anterior cingolate cortex is more active when responding to incongruent stimuli consistent in role of performing. It is impossible to dissociate the respective roles of ACC and DLPFC as the tasks becomes more difficult there are increased demands both for strategic process such as top down support and for evaluating the output of the system.