Tissue perfusion

Tissue perfusion

Decreased tissue perfusion may be described as a decrease in blood supply to the peripheries leading to low oxygen concentration to tissues. Several clinical symptoms include hypertension, anemia, and hypovolemia.

The primary purpose of capillary circulation is to deliver oxygen to the tissues of any organ in the body. When there is an increase in blood pressure, the capillary rarefaction increases, thus decrease in tissue perfusion. The pathophysiology of hypertension starts in the kidneys. When there is an impairment of renal function, there is an inappropriate activation of hormones that deal with intake and excretion of salt and water. In line with this, there is also an excessive activation of the sympatric nervous system. All these lead to renal impairment in regards to pressure natriuresis. It thus leads to hypertension.

Anemia is defining as a lack of enough healthy red blood cells. These red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which has a high affinity for oxygen. Hemoglobin contains iron and makes up 95% of the cell mass. The presence of a large amount of hemoglobin enables the red sell to perform its principal function, the transport of oxygen between the lungs and tissues. A reduction in the amount of hemoglobin may lead to decreased tissue perfusion as a result of fewer red blood cells.

Hypovolemia is the reduced blood volume in the body; hence there is a fluid imbalance. The imbalance is due to fluid and salt loss through renal. Due to reduced fluids in the body, the heart will be trying to pump the little fluids left to supplement the body’s metabolic requirements. As a result, hypotension will be evident. It will thus lead to reduced amounts of blood that enters capillaries and tissues. The effect is decreased tissue perfusion. Fluid correction restores the mentioned imbalance.

References

Pathophysiology of Hypertension: Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension, Factors Influencing BP Regulation, Etiology of Essential Hypertension. (2020). Retrieved 17 March 2020, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1937383-overview

John E., Joey G., Daniel J., Michael H., Pathophysiology of hypertension. Retrieved from: https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2046&sectionid=176572779