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Americas Beginnings from Colonies to an Independent Nation 1607 to 1783

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Americas Beginnings from Colonies to an Independent Nation 1607 to 1783

introduction

The American Revolutionary was characterized by war between the British and the 13 colonies. The British were supposed to win the war. However, in the end, the 13 colonies ended up winning for reasons that were ingenious. They knew the land that the war was fought on, they knew tactics that were dastardly and to the British cowardly, and they did not know of an ally that would help them, the French. The history behind this brilliant victory is definitely an interesting one.

The war was being fought on the land that the Americans were settling on. The Americans knew the land and all of its features. They knew about all the hills that were great for protection, they knew about which ponds and lakes were hidden so they could set up camps, they knew about the climate that they were living in such as what time of year the cold winds from the north would be forced upon them, and they knew about the secret paths that they could flank the British from. Even if some of the soldiers didn’t know the land, they had local Patriots that would help them find secret paths and physical features that would them in their battles(Scheer, pg 59. The British, on the other hand, had no knowledge of the countryside. They were also recovering from the French and Indian War, so money was an issue for the British. It was expensive to send ships back and forth from Britain to America. This was another home field advantage that the Americans had. All the Americans had to do was simply gather materials from the countryside. It was not as expensive for the Americans as it was for the British.

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One of the reasons that the Americans won was because of the battle tactics they used, and the leadership they had to win the war. The British were well disciplined, and fought in an orderly fashion. The Americans fought differently(Scheer, pg 12). They took war tactics from the French and Indian War, and other battles that were fought with the Native Americans. Some of the tactics that they learned were shooting from behind trees, creating surprise attacks, and using the land to their advantage. These tactics were allowed the Americans defeat the British in full-scale battles. A military advantage that the Americans had was better leadership than the British. One of Britain’s major leaders was Lord Cornwallis. He was a good leader, but he was over confident and because of his over confidence, he made very poor decisions. However, the Americans had one particular leader that sticks out in the American Revolutionary War(Armitage, pg 120). His name was George Washington. Not only did Washington learn from his own mistakes, he learned from Lord Cornwallis’s mistakes(Scheer, pg 202. Washington was never a quitter either. He didn’t start out winning battles he had to lose some battles. Washington didn’t let these loses get to him. He took what he did wrong in those battles, and used tactics that would allow him to win the next battle. Not only did Washington inspire just his army, but he inspired an entire nation with his leadership. George Washington was a huge part to the Americans win against the British.

The Americans were great fighters, but were still not strong enough to defeat Britain on their own, they needed help. After the Americans won a battle that could have cut off New England from the colony in 1777, the Americans had gained an alliance with the French(Armitage, pg 119). The French had helped the Americans in many ways and now they helped America as a developing state to win its independence. France supplied them with money, they had supplied them with more soldiers, but the main thing France had to offer was their great navy. The Americans did not have a strong navy, but now that the French had come to help them, the Americans could now protect their ports and oceans(Armitage, pg 60). One of the big things that the French Navy did to help was prevent the British from getting supplies to Lord Cornwallis. They were low on supplies, so this prevention made Lord Cornwallis surrender which was a huge thing for the Americans. Since the French had joined the colonies rebellion, Spain and the Netherlands had joined the rebellion against the British.

The final reason that the Americans won, was that they had to win. They had a reason to fight. The British had no reason to fight. They didn’t have anything personal to lose or win. They had no reason to fight so they were not as enthusiastic to win. The Americans were fighting for their freedom. They did not want to be ruled by the King of England anymore. They wanted to rule themselves. Their homes were at stake(Armitage, pg 120). Many American lives were at stake. In North Carolina, many German troops that were a part of Britain’s army deserted to join the colonies that spoke German. The Americans not only wanted to have their freedom for when they were fighting, but they wanted later generations to be free and not live through what they had to live through, under a King’s rule.

The American rebellion was primarily an economic rebellion, with  conflict over taxation and representation in Parliament. ( Scheer, pg 47-99 The colonists believed  that the English government was unfair and tyrannical. The conflicts over trade, taxes, and government representation resulted to the revolution. King George III mistreated the colonist, declaring the United States free from “absolute Tyranny over the States.” British forces intimidated the colonists into submission. This gave them more cause and justification for violence.

 The colonists were unable to pay the taxes imposed on them. for instance The Stamp Act, was taxing  practically everything imaginable. As  a result British repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, by replacing  it with the Declaratory Act. The Quartering Act required all colonists to provide housing under any circumstance to British soldiers(Scheer, pg 100-160. The political rule of Britain was unacceptable, as  the colonists showed .British economic policies  brought conflict. All taxes were full of corruption and abomination, it is painful that money collected never benefited the Americans. The colonists lacked a representation who could protect them against the British ,  the only solution was action they took, the American Revolution. The success of the Revolution has determined the success of the United States

Despite the fact that most of the American rebelled some few collaborated with the British most of them were merchants and business men who thought they will benefit from the British colonies. The loyalties were initially  relying on the British for protection, at then afterward they turned into progressively persecuted, terrorized(Armitage, pg 110-159) . Eventually a portion joined provincials for the British armed force and others  served low maintenance for the different supporter militias. The church was against war ,Anglican clergymen provide for affirmation to loyalty  at a  point when performing church service, they continuously might transform it. The British at that point utilized this twisting of religion to defend firstly starving the individuals prisoners .

work cited

Armitage, David. The declaration of independence: A global history. Harvard University Press, 2007.

Scheer, George F., and Hugh F. Rankin. Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those Who Fought and Lived It. Da Capo Press, 1987.

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